The Civil War AP US History Mrs. Lacks
The Union & Confederacy in 1861
Rating the North & the South
Railroad Lines, 1860
Resources: North & the South
Slave/Free States Population, 1861
Men Present for Duty in the Civil War
Immigrants as a % of a State’s Population in 1860
The CSA 11 states, 9 million people (including 3.5 million slaves) Army: about 600,000 – 1,500,000 Navy: no real navy Original capital: Montgomery, Alabama 2nd (and longest) capital: Richmond, VA
Confederate Constitution “We, the people of the Confederate States, each State acting in its sovereign and independent character, in order to form a permanent federal government, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity invoking the favor and guidance of Almighty God do ordain and establish this Constitution for the Confederate States of America.” Differences & Similarities: US & CS?
The Leaders of the Confederacy Pres. Jefferson Davis VP Alexander Stevens
Married: Sarah Knox Taylor, then Varina Howell (6 kids) 1808 – 1889 Born in Kentucky Married: Sarah Knox Taylor, then Varina Howell (6 kids) Served in Mex-Am War Democrat US Rep from Miss US Senate from Miss US Secretary of War 1st and only President of the CSA (resigned from US Senate when Miss seceded and was elected without opposition) Jefferson Davis Resume
Southerners believed there would be no war Davis feared otherwise 1st goal: to establish peace between USA and CSA set up a Peace Commission as part of the Confederate Congress on the way to DC to pay for any US federal property on Southern soil when Ft Sumter happened Jefferson Davis Goals
The Confederate “White House”
MOTTO “With God As Our Vindicator” The Confederate Seal MOTTO “With God As Our Vindicator”
Fort Sumter Charleston, SC Lincoln’s Dilemma Davis’ Dilemma
Fort Sumter No casualties North leaves 4 more states secede Lincoln calls for troops
Lincoln’s Generals Winfield Scott Joseph Hooker Ulysses S. Grant Irwin McDowell George Meade Ambrose Burnside George McClellan
George McClellan 1st General of Union Army (1861 & 1862) chose to lead - good administrator, popular with troops, incredibly cautious fired after Battle of Antietam (Antietam ended in a stalemate, but Lincoln considered it a victory; South had been winning until this point)
McClellan: I Can Do It All!
Ulysses S. Grant Born in Ohio as Hiram U. Grant graduate of West Point fought in the Mexican War resigned from army and failed at several business ventures; tried farming/owned slaves in Missouri Returned to the army; led troops in the West (TN, MS), and came to VA when called by Lincoln Became last Union general of the Civil War
William Tecumseh Sherman Leads “March to Sea” through Georgia and the Carolinas Burns Atlanta "General Grant is a great general. I know him well. He stood by me when I was crazy, and I stood by him when he was drunk; and now, sir, we stand by each other always."
Overview of the North’s Civil War Strategy: Anaconda Plan
Nathan Bedford Forrest Confederate Generals “Stonewall” Jackson Nathan Bedford Forrest Jeb Stuart George Pickett James Longstreet Robert E. Lee
Robert E. Lee Virginian, born in Stafford, lived in Arlington modest, willing to take chances, great soldier West Point graduate fought in war with Mexico Married Mary Custis (granddaughter of George Washington) led the group of Marines in capturing John Brown Disagreed with slavery turned down an offer to lead in the Union army when VA seceded (loved Virginia & the South)
Robert E. Lee Asked to and took control of the Confederate Army (called the Army of Northern Virginia) Considered the greatest general in American History (other than GW) Loved by his men, respected by Grant Went on to work at Washington College in Lexington after the war (now Washington & Lee University)
Thomas Jonathan “Stonewall” Jackson Virginian Graduated from West Point Fought in Mexican-American War Taught at Virginia Military Institute (VMI), Lexington, VA stood “like a stone wall” in battle Loved by his troops leader in confederate victory at Bull Run Shot accidentally by his own men at Battle of Chancellorsville Buried in Lexington, VA (statue at VMI salutes Robert E. Lee – also buried here)
Southern Strategy?
Lincoln sends troops South
Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas) July, 1861
The Monitor vs. the Merrimac The Battle of Hampton Roads, March, 1862 The Monitor vs. the Merrimac
Hampton Roads? Nautically, a road is a body of water, larger than a harbor, where you can anchor a ship
Damage on the Deck of the Monitor
Buy Your Way Out of Military Service
War in the East: 1861-1862
Battle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the War” September 17, 1862 23,000 casualties
The Emancipation Proclamation
Allowed free blacks to fight for the Union What did the EP do? Allowed free blacks to fight for the Union
What will Abolish Slavery in the US?
African American Recruitment
54th Massachusetts
Extensive Legislation Passed Without the South in Congress 1861 – Morrill Tariff Act 1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act 1862 – Emancipation Proclamation (1/1/1863) 1863 – Pacific Railway Act 1863 – National Bank Act 1862 – Homestead Act 1862 – Legal Tender Act
The War in the West, 1863: Vicksburg
The Road to Gettysburg: 1863
Gettysburg Casualties
The North Initiates the Draft, 1863
Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYC http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ns-qtoxnAS8
Recruiting Blacks in NYC
NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mdwLxOK7xLc
Inflation in the South
Sherman’s “March to the Sea” through Georgia, 1864
1864 Election Pres. Lincoln (R) George McClellan (D)
The Peace Movement: Copperheads Clement Vallandigham
1864 Copperhead campaign poster Northerners who wanted peace (end war) Blamed abolitionists for war Published newspapers to get Union soldiers to desert Tried to help Confederate prisoners to escape
Presidential Election Results: 1864
The Final Virginia Campaign: 1864-1865
Surrender at Appomattox April 9, 1865
Casualties on Both Sides
Civil War Casualties in Comparison to Other Wars
Civil War GREATLY aged President Lincoln 1865 1860
Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865)
Conspiracy! plan was to create disorder so the “south could rise again” plans to kill 4 US leaders in one night President - A. Lincoln Vice President - Andrew Johnson Secretary of State - Seward General of the Army - Ulysses S. Grant
The Assassin John Wilkes Booth
The Conspirators George Atzerodt David Herold Lewis Powell
The Assassination
Other conspirators Mary Surratt - convicted of being an accomplice and hanged Dr. Samuel Mudd - life imprisonment - set Booth’s broken leg Edward Spangler - 6 years in prison - stagehand at the theater who held Booth’s horse
WANTED~~!!
Front Royal, VA – Place of Booth’s death
Now He Belongs to the Ages!
The Execution