Unit 1 Lesson 3 What Are Some Types of Investigations? Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 1

Unit 1 Lesson 3 What Are Some Types of Investigations? Florida Benchmarks SC.5.N.1.1 Define a problem, use appropriate reference materials to support scientific understanding, plan and carry out scientific investigations of various types such as: systematic observations, experiments requiring the identificiation of variables, collecting and organizing data, interpreting data in charts, tables, and graphics, analyze information, make predictions, and defend conclusions. SC.5.N.1.2 Explain the difference between an experiment and other types of scientific investigation. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 2

Unit 1 Lesson 3 What Are Some Types of Investigations? Florida Benchmarks SC.5.N.1.3 Recognize and explain the need for repeated experimental trials. SC.5.N.1.4 Identify a control group and explain its importance in an experiment. SC.5.N.1.5 Recognize and explain that authentic scientific investigation frequently does not parallel the steps of “the scientific method.” Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 3

A Process for Science Start with a Question Unit 1 Lesson 3 What Are Some Types of Investigations? A Process for Science Start with a Question A scientific investigation always begins with a question. Scientists observe the world and then ask good questions based on their observations. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 4

Unit 1 Lesson 3 What Are Some Types of Investigations? Plan an Investigation Scientific methods are ways that scientists perform investigations. Investigations can be planned once a scientist has a testable question. There are different scientific methods for investigating the world. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 5

Investigations Differ Unit 1 Lesson 3 What Are Some Types of Investigations? Investigations Differ The method a scientist uses to conduct an investigation depends on the question being investigated. An investigation in which all of the conditions are controlled is called an experiment. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 6

Investigations Differ Unit 1 Lesson 3 What Are Some Types of Investigations? Investigations Differ Scientists use models to represent real objects or processes. Repeated observations allow scientists to study processes in nature that they can observe but can’t control. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 7

Unit 1 Lesson 3 What Are Some Types of Investigations? Drawing Conclusions Whatever scientific methods are used, scientists will have results they can use to draw conclusions. Conclusions may answer the question a scientist asked before they began. Conclusions may also point to new questions and ideas for more investigations. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 8

Explosive Observations Unit 1 Lesson 3 What Are Some Types of Investigations? Explosive Observations Some science questions are too big, too far away, or too uncontrollable for experiments. These science questions can only be answered by making repeated observations. Observations can be used to predict a future event. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 9

Explosive Observations Unit 1 Lesson 3 What Are Some Types of Investigations? Explosive Observations How do scientists predict the locations for future volcanic eruptions? Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 10

Super Models When Modeling Is Needed Unit 1 Lesson 3 What Are Some Types of Investigations? Super Models When Modeling Is Needed Models are used when scientists cannot experiment with the real object or event. The better a model represents the real thing, the more useful it is. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 11

Unit 1 Lesson 3 What Are Some Types of Investigations? Types of Models Physical models can be created to simulate a real object or event. Computer simulation models can be used to see what might happen in the future or to guess what happened in the past. Diagrams and flowcharts are two-dimensional models used to show how ideas are related. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 12

How to Excel in Experimentation Unit 1 Lesson 3 What Are Some Types of Investigations? How to Excel in Experimentation Ask Questions Scientific questions can be answered by doing experiments. An experiment is a procedure used to test a hypothesis. It is a good idea to make some observations before stating a hypothesis. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 13

Unit 1 Lesson 3 What Are Some Types of Investigations? Hypothesize A hypothesis is a statement that can be tested and explains what can happen in an investigation. Thinking about what you already know, talking to other people, and doing research can help you form a hypothesis. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 14

Unit 1 Lesson 3 What Are Some Types of Investigations? Design an Experiment Experiments can have two or more setups for comparing results. Variables are any condition in an experiment that can be changed. Only one variable is tested. The control is the setup to which all other setups will be compared. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 15

Carry Out the Procedure Unit 1 Lesson 3 What Are Some Types of Investigations? Carry Out the Procedure A procedure is the steps a scientist follows in an experiment. Procedures are often repeated. By repeating procedures, scientists will have more evidence to support their conclusions. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 16

Record and Analyze Data Unit 1 Lesson 3 What Are Some Types of Investigations? Record and Analyze Data Recording data correctly is important. There are many ways to record data. Once data are recorded, you can analyze the results to draw conclusions. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 17

Draw Conclusions and Evaluate the Hypothesis Unit 1 Lesson 3 What Are Some Types of Investigations? Draw Conclusions and Evaluate the Hypothesis All conclusions must be supported with evidence. The more evidence you have, the stronger your conclusion. Evaluate your hypothesis after you have reached a conclusion. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 18

Draw Conclusions and Evaluate the Hypothesis Unit 1 Lesson 3 What Are Some Types of Investigations? Draw Conclusions and Evaluate the Hypothesis Once you have drawn conclusions, decide if the hypothesis is supported or not. Scientists build on what they learn by rethinking their hypothesis or designing new experiments. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 19

Special Delivery: Data Displays Unit 1 Lesson 3 What Are Some Types of Investigations? Special Delivery: Data Displays Line graphs are used to show change over time. Circle graphs are used to compare parts to the whole. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 20

Special Delivery: Data Displays Unit 1 Lesson 3 What Are Some Types of Investigations? Special Delivery: Data Displays Diagrams are used to show data that do not include numbers. Bar graphs are used to compare things or groups of things. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 21