How is qualitative research different from quantitative research? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hFV71QPvX2I
https://youtu.be/l5e7kVzMIfs
Quantitative research term Qualitative research term Table 1. Different terms used by quantitative and qualitative researchers. Table 1. Different terms used by quantitative and qualitative researchers. Quantitative research term Qualitative research term internal validity credibility external validity (generalisability) transferability reliability dependability objectivity confirmability
qualitative research uses interviews, observations and case studies to generate qualitative data that is not subjected to any kind of quantitative analysis; quantitative research uses experiments, surveys and sometimes structured interviews and observations to generate data that is analysed statistically.
Quantitative data answers questions like How much? How many? How often? While quantitative data is to some extent open to interpretation, the boundaries and conventions of that interpretation are fixed. What does it mean to call a quantitative result significant? There are statistical tests, the limits of which define that term in unambiguous ways. Quantitative data are analyzed by quantitative means that remain the same no matter the object of analysis or the interpreter of the results
Results Triangulation This is the use of at least two different methods or sources (such as different samples of people) in order to cross-check information and conclusions in research. If there is agreement between the procedures or sources, there is support for the interpretation of the data. The research is more valid/credible. Triangulation of data This involves comparing data that are gathered from other participants or have been generated by different methods, for example collected by different qualitative methods (e.g. observations and interviews) or by one quantitative method and one qualitative method, such as a survey and then an interview with a smaller sample.
Case studies use triangulation in order to increase validity Case studies use triangulation in order to increase validity. This includes method triangulation and data triangulation. Case studies are holistic and naturalistic. https://youtu.be/JQsQgoPQ24s
What makes this a case study? When discussing the case study, they note that: This study is of a single individual and is in-depth of a period of time. It is a naturally occurring phenomenon and is not manipulated by the researcher. Ramachandran speaks to different members of the family as well as to the patient in order to confirm his data - that is, he practices data triangulation. He observes David's behaviour as well as carries out interviews. He also measures
Interviews what the characteristics of the clinical interviews are - and what would be the same if we were to do an interview project at our school to find out how people respond to stress. https://youtu.be/vohjjW5xA40
Characteristics Interviews are focused with a goal. People being interviewed know that you are carrying out research and that it is not just a casual conversation. Interviews take place within a specific time frame. There can also be "intake interviews" - which would be a pilot or introductory interview. There may be follow up interviews. Different types of interviews may be given with different types of participants. Interviewers need to respect ethics: confidentiality and respecting the interviewee. Closed-ended questions are not as good as open-ended questions
Observations https://youtu.be/TzDdVh_3ylY
Evaluation—Strengths, limitations Hand-out IB Student Case Study