Flight Info for Paper Airplane Project FALL 2015 11/9/2018 FLIGHT INFOR FOR PAPER AIRPLANE PROJECT

Key Terms : ELEVATOR An aircraft control surface hinged to the rear of the left and right horizontal stabilizer of the aircraft tail. Changes the aircraft pitch attitude nose-up or nose-down, as during climb or descent. Controlled by pushing or pulling on control yoke or stick. FLAPS Hinged surfaces on the inboard rear of wings, deployed to increase wing curvature (and thus, lift), primarily used to control angle of descent and to decrease landing touchdown speeds. 11/9/2018 FLIGHT INFOR FOR PAPER AIRPLANE PROJECT

Key Terms : cont’d FLAPS Hinged surfaces on the inboard rear of wings, deployed to increase wing curvature (and thus, lift), primarily used to control angle of descent and to decrease landing touchdown speeds. RUDDER Aircraft control surface attached to the rear of the vertical stabilizer (fin) of the aircraft tail. Forces the tail left or right, correspondingly "yawing" the aircraft right or left. Rudder movement "coordinates" with the banking of wings to balance a turn. Controlled by left and right rudder (foot) pedals 11/9/2018 FLIGHT INFOR FOR PAPER AIRPLANE PROJECT

Essential Axes for Airplane Control: Longitudinal, Lateral and Vertical 11/9/2018 FLIGHT INFOR FOR PAPER AIRPLANE PROJECT

Key Terms : cont’d YAW -A yaw rotation is a movement around the yaw axis of a rigid body that changes the direction it is pointing, to the left or right of its direction of motion. The yaw rate or yaw velocity of a car, aircraft, projectile or other rigid body is the angular velocity of this rotation, or rate of change of the heading angle when the aircraft is horizontal. It is commonly measured in degrees per second or radians per second. 11/9/2018 FLIGHT INFOR FOR PAPER AIRPLANE PROJECT

Materials and Strength Wings don’t have to be heavy to be strong Materials and Strength Wings don’t have to be heavy to be strong. This pilotless aircraft called Theseus was built for high-altitude research flights. The skin consists of a honeycomb material sandwiched between layers of woven carbon fibers embedded in a plastic resin. Similar stiff, lightweight materials are used on other types of aircraft 11/9/2018 FLIGHT INFOR FOR PAPER AIRPLANE PROJECT

Key Terms : cont’d What are Roll, Pitch, and Yaw? Imagine three lines running through an airplane and intersecting at right angles at the airplane’s center of gravity. Rotation around the front-to-back axis (longitudinal) is called roll. (Aileons control) Rotation around the side-to-side axis (latitude) is called pitch. (controlled by Elevator) Rotation around the vertical axis is called yaw. (controlled by Rudder) 11/9/2018 FLIGHT INFOR FOR PAPER AIRPLANE PROJECT

Key Terms : cont’d 11/9/2018 FLIGHT INFOR FOR PAPER AIRPLANE PROJECT

Key Terms : cont’d Alphabet – Radiotelephony Guide A - Alfa B - Bravo C - Charlie D - Delta E - Echo F - Foxtrot G - Golf H - Hotel I - India J - Juliett K - Kilo L - Lima M - Mike N – November O - Oscar P - Papa Q - Quebec R - Romeo S - Sierra T - Tango U - Uniform V - Victor W - Whiskey X - X-ray Y - Yankee Z - Zulu Source: ICAO Annex 10, Volume II 11/9/2018 FLIGHT INFOR FOR PAPER AIRPLANE PROJECT

FLIGHT INFOR FOR PAPER AIRPLANE PROJECT Forces of Flight Thrust- provided by the propeller or jet engines Weight- property of the plane Drag- introduced by the air and or the wind Lift – characteristic of the planes wing design These Items are good Terminology for your Submittal !!! FLIGHT INFOR FOR PAPER AIRPLANE PROJECT 11/9/2018

FLIGHT INFOR FOR PAPER AIRPLANE PROJECT Forces of Flight The higher L/D Ratio is desirable Good Diagram for use students !!! FLIGHT INFOR FOR PAPER AIRPLANE PROJECT 11/9/2018

FLIGHT INFOR FOR PAPER AIRPLANE PROJECT Lifting Force 11/9/2018 FLIGHT INFOR FOR PAPER AIRPLANE PROJECT

FLIGHT INFOR FOR PAPER AIRPLANE PROJECT Lifting Force The boundary layer is a very thin layer of air flowing over the surface of an object (like a wing). As air moves past the wing, the molecules right next to the wing stick to the surface. Each layer of molecules in the boundary layer moves faster than the layer closer to the surface. The greater the distance (n) from the surface, the greater the velocity (V) of the molecules. At the outer edge of the boundary layer, the molecules move at the same velocity (free stream velocity) as the molecules outside the boundary layer. Ludwig Prandtl revolutionized fluid dynamics when he introduced the boundary layer concept in the early 1900s. 11/9/2018 FLIGHT INFOR FOR PAPER AIRPLANE PROJECT