Cells and Tissues

I. OVERVIEW OF THE CELLULAR BASIS OF LIFE CELL THEORY A. *Structural & Functional unit of life = B. *Activity of Organism depend on? C. Biochemical activity of cells: depends on the number of subcellular structures D. Cells are the basis for the continuance of Life

E. Complex Cells: all have 3 parts: what are they? *1. *2. *3. Figure 3.1a

II. The Nucleus A. *Overall Function B. Parts *1. Nuclear envelope define Structure *Nuclear pores: Define 2. Nucleoli: *Function:

II. The Nucleus … 3. Chromatin *Composed of: *Chromosomes define

III. Plasma (Cell) Membrane A. Overall Function: B. Components– Fluid Mosaic Model 1. Double phospholipid layer tail to tail a. Two layers with nonpolar portions facing each other b. Polar ends are where? c. Mechanism of why layers form the boundary: *Hydrophilic = *Hydrophobic = P

*2. Cholesterol– function: *3. Proteins– functions: 4. Glycoproteins Components … *2. Cholesterol– function: *3. Proteins– functions: 4. Glycoproteins

Plasma Membrane PLAY Membrane Structure Figure 3.2

C. Plasma Membrane Specializations 1. Microvilli Structure Function

IV. Cytoplasm & Organelles *Cytosol = Organelles =

ORGANELLES A. Mitochondria *Shape & Structure Function: Gas needed: Chemical produced: B. Ribosomes *Chemicals composed of Locations:

C. Vesicles = Types & Functions Transport Secretory Vesicles Lysosomes Transport Vessicle

Cytoplasm & Organelles … D. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Structure: TYPES 1. Rough ER *Structure: have ______________ embedded in them Functions (1) & (2) (3) Transport Vessicle (4) Transported

2. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum *Structure has No what? *Functions E. Golgi Apparatus *Structure: Functions ER works with Golgi Rough ER vesicle Golgi modifies Golgi Secretory Vesicle or Lysosome Rough ER Golgi apparatus

F. *Cytoskeleton: define *Functions: Structure - *Made up of what three components? G. *Centrioles *Location *Structure: Figure 3.7a

H. Cellular Projections *General Structure; both types below have what common shape? *General Function: both types below can do what? TYPES Cilia *Specific Function: Flagella

V. Cell Diversity & Physiology A. Cell Diversity Figure 3.8a

B. Cell Physiology 1. Transport of Substances Across Cell Membrane a. Types of fluid in the body i) *Intracellular fluid = ii) *Interstitial fluid (extracellular) = b. *Solutions i) *Solvent = ii) *Solutes = ** Remember that Membranes are Selective Permeability

PASSIVE TRANSPORT PROCESSES c. Simple Diffusion i) *Substances will diffuse from a ________To________ concentration ii) Concentration Gradient: iv) Diffusion Through a Membrane With no help *Substances transported: what type? Facilitated Diffusion: - Protein Carrier - *Substances transported: what type? EQUILIBRIUM Figure 3.9 PLAY Diffusion

*What organ uses filtration? d. *Osmosis define PLAY Osmosis e. Filtration Force Pores in membrane Pressure gradient *What organ uses filtration?

Substances: Amino acids, some sugars, ions Carrier Proteins = pumps f. Active Transport Substances: Amino acids, some sugars, ions Carrier Proteins = pumps Energy: LOW to HIGH Two different substances can be moved at the same time NEXT SLIDE Na+ Na+ PUMP P Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ P ATP ADP PLAY Active Transport

For Two Substances Being Transported: Sodium/Potassium Pump Extracellular fluid Na+ K+ Na+ P Na+ P Na+ Na+ K+ 3 Na+ P K+ K+ ATP ADP Binding of cytoplasmic Na+ to the pump protein using ATP Protein changes shape and Na+ is released outside Cell. 3 Extracellular K+ binds to Proteins and is moved to inside of cell Cytoplasm Figure 3.11, step 2

g. Vesicular Transport = i) *Exocytosis: define ii) *Endocytosis: define - Phagocytosis Exocytosis PLAY

Active Transport Processes: Exocytosis Figure 3.12b

2. Cell Life Cycle & Cell Division a. Interphase = Cell carries on metabolic processes and - DNA b. Cell division DNA Mitosis  Meiosis  3. Protein Synthesis Role of DNA Role of RNA

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