L/O – What causes atherosclerosis? ALL Describe the term Atherosclerosis MOST Describe the steps that lead to Atherosclerosis SOME Explain how blood clots form Keywords – Atheroma, Plaque, Atherosclerosis, Thomboplastin, Thrombin, Prothrombin, Fibrin, Fibrinogen Atherosclerosis L/O – What causes atherosclerosis? What do you know about atherosclerosis?

…fatty deposits narrow or block an artery or Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis is the disease process that leads to coronary heart disease and strokes In Atherosclerosis… …fatty deposits narrow or block an artery or …increases the chance of a blood clot (Thrombosis) forming Keywords – Atheroma, Plaque, Atherosclerosis, Thomboplastin, Thrombin, Prothrombin, Fibrin, Fibrinogen L/O – What causes atherosclerosis? ALL Describe the term Atherosclerosis MOST Describe the steps that lead to Atherosclerosis SOME Explain how blood clots form

L/O – What causes atherosclerosis? Heart Attack The technical name for a heart attack is a… …myocardial infarction This occurs when a blood clot breaks free and lodges in the capillaries in the heart This causes the flow of blood to be restricted The muscle tissue in the heart is the starved of oxygen and glucose The muscle cramps due to anaerobic respiration and eventually dies! Keywords – Atheroma, Plaque, Atherosclerosis, Thomboplastin, Thrombin, Prothrombin, Fibrin, Fibrinogen L/O – What causes atherosclerosis? ALL Describe the term Atherosclerosis MOST Describe the steps that lead to Atherosclerosis SOME Explain how blood clots form

Strokes occur for similar reasons to heart attacks A blood clot lodges in capillaries in the brain cutting of blood It can also cause a high pressure to build behind the clot This causes a capillary to burst causing internal bleeding called an aneurism Keywords – Atheroma, Plaque, Atherosclerosis, Thomboplastin, Thrombin, Prothrombin, Fibrin, Fibrinogen L/O – What causes atherosclerosis? ALL Describe the term Atherosclerosis MOST Describe the steps that lead to Atherosclerosis SOME Explain how blood clots form

Sequence of Atherosclerosis There is an inflammatory response in the arterial wall White blood cells accumulate in the arterial wall Cholesterol accumulates at the site of the inflammation This builds up to form an Atheroma Keywords – Atheroma, Plaque, Atherosclerosis, Thomboplastin, Thrombin, Prothrombin, Fibrin, Fibrinogen L/O – What causes atherosclerosis? ALL Describe the term Atherosclerosis MOST Describe the steps that lead to Atherosclerosis SOME Explain how blood clots form

Sequence of Atherosclerosis Calcium salts and fibrous tissue build up on the atheroma causing a hard plaque to form The arterial wall hardens and looses its elasticity Keywords – Atheroma, Plaque, Atherosclerosis, Thomboplastin, Thrombin, Prothrombin, Fibrin, Fibrinogen L/O – What causes atherosclerosis? ALL Describe the term Atherosclerosis MOST Describe the steps that lead to Atherosclerosis SOME Explain how blood clots form

Sequence of Atherosclerosis The plaques cause the artery to narrow Blood pressure rises which increases the rate of precipitation of calcium This is a positive feedback loop At this stage a person may suffer from Angina Keywords – Atheroma, Plaque, Atherosclerosis, Thomboplastin, Thrombin, Prothrombin, Fibrin, Fibrinogen L/O – What causes atherosclerosis? ALL Describe the term Atherosclerosis MOST Describe the steps that lead to Atherosclerosis SOME Explain how blood clots form

L/O – What causes atherosclerosis? Keywords – Atheroma, Plaque, Atherosclerosis, Thomboplastin, Thrombin, Prothrombin, Fibrin, Fibrinogen L/O – What causes atherosclerosis? ALL Describe the term Atherosclerosis MOST Describe the steps that lead to Atherosclerosis SOME Explain how blood clots form

ALL Describe the term Atherosclerosis MOST Describe the steps that lead to Atherosclerosis SOME Explain how blood clots form

ALL Describe the term Atherosclerosis MOST Describe the steps that lead to Atherosclerosis SOME Explain how blood clots form

As the blood flow slows around the plaque… Blood Clots As the blood flow slows around the plaque… …platelets stick to exposed collagen in the plaque They release ADP which causes more platelets to stick This triggers a series of biochemical reactions in the blood causing the blood to clot Keywords – Atheroma, Plaque, Atherosclerosis, Thomboplastin, Thrombin, Prothrombin, Fibrin, Fibrinogen L/O – What causes atherosclerosis? ALL Describe the term Atherosclerosis MOST Describe the steps that lead to Atherosclerosis SOME Explain how blood clots form

ALL Describe the term Atherosclerosis Thromboplastin – released from damaged tissue and platelets Calcium ions and Vitamin K Prothrombin Thrombin Insoluble Fibrin Soluble Fibrinogen ALL Describe the term Atherosclerosis MOST Describe the steps that lead to Atherosclerosis SOME Explain how blood clots form

ALL Describe the term Atherosclerosis MOST Describe the steps that lead to Atherosclerosis SOME Explain how blood clots form

Why do only arteries get atherosclerosis Due to the fast high pressure flow in arteries there is a greater chance of damage occurring to arterial walls Keywords – Atheroma, Plaque, Atherosclerosis, Thomboplastin, Thrombin, Prothrombin, Fibrin, Fibrinogen L/O – What causes atherosclerosis? ALL Describe the term Atherosclerosis MOST Describe the steps that lead to Atherosclerosis SOME Explain how blood clots form

L/O – What causes atherosclerosis? Design a website for NHS Direct to describe what Atherosclerosis is. Include images and links to other sites and information. ALL Include definitions and a list of symptoms MOST Write a sequence of steps for atherosclerosis SOME Describe the process of blood clotting and the issues that these blood clots can cause Keywords – Atheroma, Plaque, Atherosclerosis, Thomboplastin, Thrombin, Prothrombin, Fibrin, Fibrinogen L/O – What causes atherosclerosis? ALL Describe the term Atherosclerosis MOST Describe the steps that lead to Atherosclerosis SOME Explain how blood clots form