Europe-Russia Combo. PHYSICAL NOTES

Layout of Europe Europe and Asia share a common landmass called Eurasia. Yet Europe is a distinct region jutting westward from Asia. Europe is a peninsula of Asia. Europe itself has many peninsulas extending from it. Because of this it has a long irregular coastline that has shaped the lifestyles of its people. Northern Peninsulas Scandinavian Jutland Southern Peninsulas Iberian Apennine (Italian) Balkan Scandinavian Jutland Iberian Balkan Italian

Northern Peninsulas Scandinavian Peninsula Includes Norway and Sweden Very mountainous Has fjords along the coastline Jutland Includes Denmark Mostly flat surface

The Southern Peninsulas Balkan Peninsula Includes Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, Romania, Servia, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Turkey, Albania and Greece Bordered by the Adriatic, Mediterranean and Aegean Seas. Mainly a tangle of mountain ranges and valleys. Apennine (Italian) Peninsula Includes Italy Apennine mountain range, including Mount Vesuvius. 30% is plains Iberian Peninsula Includes Spain and Portugal Separates Mediterranean Sean from the Atlantic Ocean Mostly a plateau but includes the Pyrenees Mountains. Also has the small passage known as the Straight of Gibraltar.

ISLANDS Small Islands Large Islands Sicily, Corsica, Sardinia, Cyprus and Crete-all. All have rugged terrain and volcanic mountains. Large Islands Great Britain, Irelands, Iceland & Greenland. These islands are found in the North.

Mountains Europe’s northwestern mountain have some of the world’s oldest rock formations. However due to erosion and glaciation have made their peaks low. Pyrenees- restricts Spain and Portugal’s interaction with the rest of Europe. The Alps- the most famous mountain range in Europe. Mount Vesuvius- near the city of Naples. Most famous for erupting in 79 AD and burring the city of Pompeii, Stabiae and Herculaneum under mounds of lava, ash and mud. Uplands- are very low mountains. Examples of uplands in Europe include: Scottish Highlands, Massif Central and Meseta.

Plains One of the most fertile agricultural regions in the world is the Northern European Plain. 33% of Europe’s land is suitable for agricultural use, this is high compare to the world average of 11%. Olives, fruits, and vegetables grow in southern areas; grains and livestock are raised in northern areas.

Rivers Thames River Danube River Rhine River England's most important river Allows ships to access London (inland city) Thames.mp4 Danube River Eastern Europe's major river Flows from the Black Forest (Germany) to the Black Sea Main canal links North Sean and Black Sea Rhine River Western Europe's major river Runs through France and Germany into the Netherlands Connects Europe's industrial cities

Human-environment Interaction Human-environment interaction can be seen throughout the region Dikes- large bank of stone and earth that holds back water. Polders- low-lying area from which seawater has been drained to create new land.

Russia One-sixth of the Earths land surface!!!

Mountains Urals Caucasus Mark the boundary of Europe and Asia Stretch across land between Black and Caspian Sea

Plains Northern European Plain West Siberian Plain Covers most of European Russia 75% of the Russian population lives there West Siberian Plain Covers almost one million square miles Arid and Arctic due to river flow toward the Arctic Ocean

Oceans, Lakes, Seas, and Rivers Arctic Ocean Smallest and shallowest of the earths major oceans Lake Baikal Southern Siberian freshwater lake Deepest lake in the world Holds almost 20% of the earths freshwater Caspian Sea Third largest sea in the world Really a saltwater lake Black Sea Warm water outlet to the Mediterranean Sea Lake Volga Canals link Russia to the Caspian, Black, and Baltic Seas