Urban Public Transport Development Strategic Priorities in China Dr. Jiang Yulin Director, China Urban Sustainable Transport Research Center, CATS, Ministry of Transport, P. R. China Secretary General of National Technical Committee on Urban Passenger Transport of Standardization Administration of China Secretary General of National Committee on Rail Transit Operation Management of China Urban Mass Transit Association

Contents Background & Key challenges Strategic Actions

1. Background & Key challenges China is going through a period of high-speed growth of both urbanization and motorization. The urban transport in major cities has become one of the key issues of social-economic development as well as urban functions in China. In 2010,urbanization rate of China arrived 49.68%,about 19% of the world’s urban population lives in China.

Mode split has been changing Bicycle share declined 1.9% annually; Car share increased 1.1-1.2% annually Public transport share increased 0.5-1.1% annually. Mode shift from 1986 to 2010 in Beijing

Public transport service capacity lags behind social and economic development and transport demand growth Average share rates Low speed & low punctuality Population below 1million Poor comfort Population between 1 million an 3million Transfer inconveniently 四个问题一起出来，再分别出图片；总体滞后：分担率低；问题：五个问题：再说原因；三个层次；这种用徐司长交通论坛ppt； 总体滞后：国内国外对比-分担率，结构对比； 两个问题 Population above 3 million Low coverage Overall, PT share is below 20%, and service quality is low

The cost of the congestion problem is high

Contents Background & Key challenges Strategic Actions

2 Actions of Prioritizing Urban Public Transport Development in China Overall of Objectives To establish national integrated transport networks To decrease gap of development between rural and urban area To balance transport development with high quality service of public transport Integrated efficient safe green economical 8 8

Roles of different government in PT The city governments should act as responsibility entity. The provincial level governments have the monitoring and guiding responsibility. The national governments should issue the law and policy. The governmental departments should realize a fast and economic development by both working individually and having close cooperation together.

Urban public transport Action 1 Institutional reform 2008 Institutional reform at all levels for the integration of urban transport development Urban public transport Highway waterway Post civil aviation MOB Building and house MOT

Action 1 Institutional reform 2008 Ministry of Transportation passenger and freight transport Ministry of Finance Finance Ministry of Building & Construction of urban and rural Urban master planning rail transit plan & construction Ministry of Public Security traffic safety and fleet registration Overall national economic and social development, price control NDRC 11

Action 2 National public transport planning, 2010 Public transport development is included in "the 12th five-year plan for national economy and social development”, issued by the State Council. To implement priority development strategy of public transport, and enhance public transport share To plan rail transit network scientifically, and push orderly rail transit network construction To actively develop BRT system, and improve the density and coverage of the line network To guide private car use, and advocate non-motor transport To integrate urban public transport and rural transport development

Rail transit development plan Urban Metro system 1471 km in operation by 2010, 3000 km in operation by 2015 . The lines to open is longer than that of the past 40 years.

BRT development plan BRT By 2010: 514 km in operation By 2015: 1000 km

energy saving emission reduction Action 3 Urban Passenger Transport Standardization 2012 National Technical Committee on Urban Passenger Transport of Standardization Administration of China Bus BRT Taxi Rail Rental car Ferry … safety & security Infrastructure Construction energy saving emission reduction Operation Management 15

Action 4 National Transit Metropolis Program2012 Initiating action plan of the national transit metropolis, 30 pilot cities by 2015. Beijing, Shenzhan, Taiyuan, Wuhan,Changsa,Nanjing,Wulumuqi,Zhengzou, Jinan, Kunming,Chongqin,ect. 15 /25 Cities have been approved. MOT cooperated with local governments Monitoring the process by developing the tools of China Urban Transport Database (CUTD) Punctuality rate: 2% increased annually Accidents: 2% decreased annually Bus depots entering:>90% IC Card:>80% PT share rate: above 45% PT stop coverage in downtown area: within 300m, 95% Bus speed: >20km/hour 16

(Issued by the State Council No.〔2012〕64) Action 5 Guidelines of Prioritizing Urban Public Transport Development in China 2013 (Issued by the State Council No.〔2012〕64) Transforming transportation development pattern to take public transport as public good 1. Strength planning control 2. Speed up infrastructure construction 3. Enhance jointed transport & land developments 17

4. Increase government investment Action 5 Guidelines of Prioritizing Urban Public Transport Development in China 2013 4. Increase government investment PT is included in city public budget Mass transit, integrated hub, Information Center Free of Vehicle Purchase Tax (VPT) Electronic subside of under rail, Fuel consumption subside of bus The value capture of integrated land development with transportation The income of staffs in PT company should be in creased regularly, not less than city’s average income 5. Increase government finance PPP, trust fund, private operators ect. 18

6. Ensure road right priority 7. Encourage ITS Action 5 Guidelines of Prioritizing Urban Public Transport Development in China 2013 6. Ensure road right priority 7. Encourage ITS 8. Improve ticket pricing mechanism 9. Set up the technique standardization system 10.Implement integrated transport management Transport Demand management measures including law, economic and administrative tool such as Project traffic assessment 19

11. Set up safety management regulation Action 5 Guidelines of Prioritizing Urban Public Transport Development in China 2013 11. Set up safety management regulation 12. Regulate decision making procedures Public involvement such as road planning and pricing changing Reporting PT cost and server quality 13. Setup performance evaluating system Development PT is the responsibility of local government, Provincial Gov. is in charge of surveillance and guides. Central Gov. made macro- development policy, laws and regulations. 20

Action 6 Urban Public Transport Law 2014 Future Action 6 Urban Public Transport Law 2014 Keep the government as the major provider of public transport Ensure local investment and land acquirement for public transport Good institutional structure and cooperation scheme Decentralizing some of the power, like Local TDM Rail transit Bus including suburb and city center Taxi Strategic planning Finance & regulations Institutional responsibility Market review & supervision 21

… Future Action 7 Proposed Develop Sustainable Finance fuel tax highway waterway … Route A vehicle purchase tax (bus exception) National public transport fund fuel subsidy Central government Transferring public service: water supply education … Local public transport fund local government public transport Route B Land value Congestion fee Urban development and maintenance fee

Transport transfer from Central Gov. to Local Gov Transport transfer from Central Gov. to Local Gov. should including public transport xx Yuan =（Length of highway (Km)× Cost Yuan/ km×30%+Population×average cost (Yuan/person)×20%+Number of counties× average cost of expenditure of counties×10%+Number of cars ×average cost per car×10%+ area coverage× average cost per ha×30%）×variation of land ” 23

company running on debt Changing low cost ticket price toward high quality service of sustainable public transport Govt. finance burden Costume based service company running on debt Ticket price for bus varies from 7 cent to 30 cent/ trip Subside from cities government 0 to 14 billion depend on the context of network and city finance capability

Change on March， 2008 from MHCRC to MOT China Urban Sustainable Transport Research Center, CATS, Ministry of Transport, P. R. China MOT Ministry of Railways Ministry of Finance Urban Transport Policy Bus Rail Taxi & waterway Highway construction Long distance transport Aviation Civil Post CUSTReC Private car Change on March， 2008 from MHCRC to MOT The CoE functions as A think tank to provide policy decision making and technical support to the central, MOT and the local city level

THANK YOU Jiangyulin@vip.sina.com http://www.urbansustrans.cn 26