ORGANIC CHEMISTRY.

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Presentation transcript:

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY The chemistry of CARBON containing compounds The majority of organic compounds include CARBON – CARBON chains Most of the time HYDROGEN is present in organic molecules Also, OXYGEN, NITROGEN and HALOGENS (FLUORINE, CHLORINE, BROMINE, IODINE)

WHY IS ORGANIC CHEMISTRY IMPORTANT? Organic chemicals are all around us and in all living things! Proteins,

WHY IS ORGANIC CHEMISTRY IMPORTANT? Organic chemicals are all around us and in all living things! Proteins, fats,

WHY IS ORGANIC CHEMISTRY IMPORTANT? Organic chemicals are all around us and in all living things! Proteins, fats, plastics,

WHY IS ORGANIC CHEMISTRY IMPORTANT? Organic chemicals are all around us and in all living things! Proteins, fats, plastics, drugs,

WHY IS ORGANIC CHEMISTRY IMPORTANT? Organic chemicals are all around us and in all living things! Proteins, fats, plastics, drugs, petroleum, benzene,

WHY IS ORGANIC CHEMISTRY IMPORTANT? Organic chemicals are all around us and in all living things! Proteins, fats, plastics, drugs, petroleum, benzene, teflon,

WHY IS ORGANIC CHEMISTRY IMPORTANT? Organic chemicals are all around us and in all living things! Proteins, fats, plastics, drugs, petroleum, benzene, teflon, hormones….

SINGLE, DOUBLE, and TRIPLE BONDS FOR CARBON HOW MANY BONDS CAN A CARBON ATOM HAVE? 4

SINGLE, DOUBLE, and TRIPLE BONDS FOR CARBON A CARBON atom has always 4 bonds But depending on a compound, they can be SINGLE,

SINGLE, DOUBLE, and TRIPLE BONDS FOR CARBON A CARBON atom has always 4 bonds But depending on a compound, they can be SINGLE, DOUBLE

SINGLE, DOUBLE, and TRIPLE BONDS FOR CARBON A CARBON atom has always 4 bonds But depending on a compound, they can be SINGLE, DOUBLE or TRIPLE

Think About It: 5 – 3A Sketching Organic Compounds Page 245

Recognizing Organic Compounds The molecular formula MUST contain carbon

Recognizing Organic Compounds The molecular formula MUST contain carbon

Recognizing Organic Compounds The molecular formula MUST contain carbon

Recognizing Organic Compounds The molecular formula MUST contain carbon

Recognizing Organic Compounds The molecular formula MUST contain carbon

Recognizing Organic Compounds The molecular formula MUST contain carbon

Recognizing Organic Compounds The molecular formula MUST contain carbon

Recognizing Organic Compounds Inorganic Compounds: The molecular formula can contain carbon but it is in a form of carbonates, carbides, and oxides No carbon at all

WORKBOOK Page 98 – 99 Leave a question blank if we haven’t talked about it yet..

HYDROCARBONS Contain ONLY CARBONS and HYDROGENS

SHORTHANDED STRUCTURAL FORMULA MOLECULAR FORMULA C4H10

C2H6 C3H8 C7H16 REPRESENT ALL POSSIBLE WAYS FOR FOLLOWING HYDROCARBONS (ALKANES): C2H6 C3H8 C7H16 STRUCTURAL FORMULA SHORTHANDED STRUCTURAL FORMULA

SHORTHANDED STRUCTURAL FORMULA CH3 – CH3 MOLECULAR FORMULA C2H6

SHORTHANDED STRUCTURAL FORMULA CH3 – CH2 – CH3 MOLECULAR FORMULA C3H8

SHORTHANDED STRUCTURAL FORMULA MOLECULAR FORMULA C7H16

CH4 C9H20 C8H18 HOMEWORK: REPRESENT ALL POSSIBLE WAYS FOR FOLLOWING HYDROCARBONS (ALKANES): CH4 C9H20 C8H18 STRUCTURAL FORMULA SHORTHANDED STRUCTURAL FORMULA

FORMULA = SHORTHAND FORMULA NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS You just have to know the first ten HYDROCARBONS The naming is based on the number of carbons NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED FORMULA = SHORTHAND FORMULA

NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 1

NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 1 methane

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 1 methane CH4

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 1 methane CH4

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 1 methane CH4 2

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 1 methane CH4 2 ethane

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 1 methane CH4 2 ethane C2H6

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 1 methane CH4 2 ethane C2H6 CH3 – CH3

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 1 methane CH4 2 ethane C2H6 CH3 – CH3 3

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 1 methane CH4 2 ethane C2H6 CH3 – CH3 3 propane

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 1 methane CH4 2 ethane C2H6 CH3 – CH3 3 propane C3H8

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 1 methane CH4 2 ethane C2H6 CH3 – CH3 3 propane C3H8 CH3 – CH2 – CH3

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 1 methane CH4 2 ethane C2H6 CH3 – CH3 3 propane C3H8 CH3 – CH2 – CH3 4

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 1 methane CH4 2 ethane C2H6 CH3 – CH3 3 propane C3H8 CH3 – CH2 – CH3 4 butane

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 1 methane CH4 2 ethane C2H6 CH3 – CH3 3 propane C3H8 CH3 – CH2 – CH3 4 butane C4H10

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 1 methane CH4 2 ethane C2H6 CH3 – CH3 3 propane C3H8 CH3 – CH2 – CH3 4 butane C4H10 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 1 methane CH4 2 ethane C2H6 CH3 – CH3 3 propane C3H8 CH3 – CH2 – CH3 4 butane C4H10 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 5

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 1 methane CH4 2 ethane C2H6 CH3 – CH3 3 propane C3H8 CH3 – CH2 – CH3 4 butane C4H10 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 5 pentane

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 1 methane CH4 2 ethane C2H6 CH3 – CH3 3 propane C3H8 CH3 – CH2 – CH3 4 butane C4H10 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 5 pentane C5H12

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 1 methane CH4 2 ethane C2H6 CH3 – CH3 3 propane C3H8 CH3 – CH2 – CH3 4 butane C4H10 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 5 pentane C5H12 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 6 7 8 9 10

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 6 hexane

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 6 hexane C6H14

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 6 hexane C6H14 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 6 hexane C6H14 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 7

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 6 hexane C6H14 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 7 heptane

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 6 hexane C6H14 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 7 heptane C7H16

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 6 hexane C6H14 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 7 heptane C7H16 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 6 hexane C6H14 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 7 heptane C7H16 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 8

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 6 hexane C6H14 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 7 heptane C7H16 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 8 octane

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 6 hexane C6H14 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 7 heptane C7H16 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 8 octane C8H18

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 6 hexane C6H14 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 7 heptane C7H16 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 8 octane C8H18 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 6 hexane C6H14 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 7 heptane C7H16 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 8 octane C8H18 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 9

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 6 hexane C6H14 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 7 heptane C7H16 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 8 octane C8H18 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 9 nonane

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 6 hexane C6H14 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 7 heptane C7H16 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 8 octane C8H18 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 9 nonane C9H20

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 6 hexane C6H14 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 7 heptane C7H16 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 8 octane C8H18 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 9 nonane C9H20 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 6 hexane C6H14 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 7 heptane C7H16 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 8 octane C8H18 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 9 nonane C9H20 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 10

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 6 hexane C6H14 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 7 heptane C7H16 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 8 octane C8H18 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 9 nonane C9H20 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 10 decane

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 6 hexane C6H14 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 7 heptane C7H16 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 8 octane C8H18 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 9 nonane C9H20 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 10 decane C10H22

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF HYDROCARBONS NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 6 hexane C6H14 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 7 heptane C7H16 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 8 octane C8H18 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 9 nonane C9H20 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 10 decane C10H22 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3

READING CHECK

ALCOLHOLS Organic Compound: That contains C, H, and O

ALCOLHOLS Organic Compound: That contains C, H, and O Alcohols dissolves many compounds which water will not

FORMULA = SHORTHAND FORMULA NAMING OF ALCOHOLS The naming is the same as for alkanes Replace -e with -ol NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED FORMULA = SHORTHAND FORMULA

NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NAMING OF ALCOHOLS NAMING OF UNBRANCHED (STRAIGHT CHAIN) ALKANES NUMBER OF CARBONS NAME MOLECULAR FORMULA CONDENSED 1 methanol CH4O CH3OH 2 ethanol C2H6O CH3 – CH2OH 3 propanol C3H8O CH3 – CH2 – CH2OH 4 butanol C4H10O CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2OH 5 pentanol C5H12O CH3 –CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2OH

CLASSWORK Organic Compounds Worksheet FOA 5-3C on page 249 78

WORKBOOK = Homework Page 98 – 101 79