Nationalism

I. Nationalism - a feeling of pride in one’s country A. The American System - 1815 Written by Henry Clay of Kentucky to make U.S. stronger (during Madison’s Presidency) tariff (tax on goods) national bank improve transportation systems (roads and canals) Set up to make the country stronger

B. James Monroe Elected President - 1816 Served 2 terms (reelected in 1820) “Era of Good Feelings” Major issue of Monroe presidency: to secure America’s borders Canada (Britain) Florida (Spain) Monroe was reelected once and served 2 terms Reminded some of George Washington-both from VA, tall, incredibly honest. Last president who was a founding father Was Secretary of State, Secretary of War People liked him-the idea that he was handsome, kind, had fought bravely as a soldier in the Rev War, studied law with TJ, served in the VA General Assembly when the Const was ratified.

II. Foreign Affairs A. U.S. and Britain Rush-Bagot Agreement - 1817 Limit naval power on Great Lakes - no warships Several treaties were signed after the War of 1812 The beginning of amazing relations between the U.S. and Britain War of 1812 would be the last time the two countries fight each other R-B Agreement also led to U.S. and Britain sharing the Oregon Territory

Convention of 1818 U.S. border set (at 49ºN) west to Rocky Mountains Joint occupation of Pacific Northwest

B. U.S. and Spain Seminole Indians in Florida: Americans wanted Florida Very few Spanish soldiers guarding it Seminole Indians in Florida: raided Georgia settlements helped runaway slaves hide Secretary of War John C. Calhoun (important later) sent General AJ into Florida. Jackson was on Spanish soil-he was only supposed to capture runaway slaves. He learned to fight as the Indians had fought-he burned villages, destroyed crops, captured, killed, and humiliated the Seminoles.

First Seminole War - 1818 Some Americans were upset and thought Jackson had gone too far. The Spanish were really upset. President Monroe sent his Sec of State, John Quincy Adams, to negotiate. Monroe sent A. Jackson to secure Florida border Instead Jackson invaded Florida to capture Seminoles Overthrew Spanish governor and captured forts Did not have authority to do this

Adams-Onis Treaty - 1819 Negotiated by John Q. Adams, Secretary of State Spain gave up Florida to U.S. U.S. gave up claims to Texas U.S. canceled $5 million of Spanish debt Treaty was result of increasing tensions between the U.S. and Spain regarding territory. Spanish power was weakening in the New World. Spain was allowed to hold TX, CA, and other western lands They had no choice-Spain was too weak to fight. General Andrew Jackson was named governor of the new U.S. territory (FL). Many Americans wanted to move to FL Seminoles were forced to move south to an inland reservation on sandy land where crops hardly grew. Soon many were starving.

C. Spain’s Other Problems Colonies in Central, South America (“Latin America”) inspired by U.S. Dec. of Independence, they rebelled Many rebellions were led by Simon Bolivar - “the George Washington of South America” Mexican Independence - 1821 By 1822, all Spanish colonies in Latin America won independence U.S. feared Europe would take over these new countries After the Adams-Onis Treaty, Spain and Portugal had difficulty controlling their colonies in South and Middle America One by one they had revolutions and became independent nations. As soon as that happened, other European countries began to look greedily at those Latin-American nations. Monroe and Adams decided they needed to do something to keep Europe out of the Americas Dec 1823 Monroe gave a speech to Congress and said Amer continents were closed to other nations. Told European countries they were not welcome to look for colonies in this hemisphere. Said U.S. would not interfere in europe’s affairs, so europe should keep its hands off Amer. Latin American countries started fighting for their independence from Spain

D. Monroe Doctrine - 1823 Declared by Monroe at the State of the Union Address No colonization of North or South America (Western Hemisphere) Attempt to colonize = hostile act against U.S. U.S. would stay out of European affairs