Animals Anatomical Terminology Symmetry and Body Plans Dorsal / Ventral Posterior / Anterior Proximal / Distal Medial / Lateral Cephalization Symmetry and Body Plans Spherical: Radial: Bilateral: Asymmetrical:

Phyla Porifera: Cnideria: Ctenophora: Platyhelminthes: Nematoda: Molluska: Annelida: Arthropoda: Echinodermata: Chordata:

Germ Layers Ectoderm: Becomes skin / outer layer Mesoderm: Middle / muscles, skeleton, gondads, kidneys, circulatory system Endoderm: Innermost / lining of digestive tract, liver, pancreas, lungs

Cnidarians

Cnidarians No Head or specialized organs for transport of materials (2 germ layers) Have digestive “sac”: one opening is mouth and anus Radial Symmetry with a “nerve net” Stinging cells or “cnidocytes” 2 body plans: Sessile polyp and floating medusa Jellyfish, corals, sea anenomies

Corals live with algae, algae give the different color based on the type of algae

Flatworms Water habitats 1mm to 20m in length Body is dorsally/ventrally flattened Diffusion sufficient for gas exchange No circulatory system Mouth is anus, but has branches to digestive cavity Both Asexual (regeneration) and sexual reproduction (hermaphrodites)

Flatworm Examples http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mh2dTIRReXU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q8F1xkdQJnw Tapeworms http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EEBbtwGqPEs

Annelids(Segmented worms) Water or damp soils (1mm-3m) Earthworms, polycheates, leeches Digestion now has mouth and anus. Also simple crop and gizzard Closed circulatory system (stays in vessels) Blood picks up oxygen from skin Leeches have suckers For attachment

Watch the following video and write a “transcript” of what is being said. http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&feature=endscreen&v=vXN_5SPBPtM

Mollusks Snails, slugs, clams, oysters, octopus, cuttlefish Most with shells, some lacking Squid (15 m and over 500 pounds) one of largest invertebrates Must be in moist environment Used for food, can carry parasites, invasive species (zebra mussles)

Mollusks Mantle: membrane that secretes the shell Foot: Used for locomotion in all except cephalopods (squid) Digging (clams) Attachment (mussels) Secretes mucus path (slugs) Gills: Extract oxygen Incurrent/Excurrent siphon (water in and out) Radula: Rows of teeth at the mouth. Used like a sander to capture food (scrape algae off of rocks, drill holes in clams, harpoon) Open Ciruculation Opposite sexes with external fertilization

Conus to right Moon Snail below

Arthropods Spiders, ticks, lobsters, crabs, Insects, centipedes and millipedes Exoskeleton made of chitin and molting Jointed appendages Body segments (Head, thorax, abdomen) Compound Eyes Open circulation Gills if in water/Tracheae and spiricles if terrestrial

Clam (Mollusk-Bivalve)

Earthworm

Crayfish External Anatomy

Crayfish Internal Anatomy

Frog Anatomy Be sure to look at tongue attachment and structure!! heart heart

Starfish