Introduction to the Animal Kingdom Chapter 26

What is an Animal? They share certain characteristics Heterotrophs Multicellular Eukaryotic Bodies contain tissues – no cell wall Either invertebrates or vertebrates

Invertebrates 95% of all animals are here These animals DO NOT have a backbone, spinal column (notochord) Examples: Dust mites, giant squids, worms, insects, etc.

Vertebrates Other 5% of the animals HAVE a spinal column (notochord) Examples: Fish, amphibians, reptiles birds and mammals

What animals do to survive Animals carry out 7 essential functions: Feeding Respiration Circulation Excretion Response Movement Reproduce

Feeding Animals need to eat food Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores Detritivores Filter feeders Symbiotic relationship

Feeding http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/anima ls/bugs-animals/ants-and- termites/ant_caterpillarsymbiosis.html

Respiration Take in oxygen and give off carbon dioxide Some rely on diffusion through their skin Other have complex tissue and organ systems

Circulation Diffuse oxygen, waste, and nutrients through the skin Or Have closed circulatory systems

Excretion Remove ammonia from cells and body Ammonia has nitrogen; in large amounts it can kill an animal Removes other metabolic wastes

Response Response to environmental events by using specialized cells Nerve cells Examples are: responses to light, sound, etc.

Movement The ability to be motile Have muscles that move supported by a skeletal system In sedentary animals- muscles feed and pump water and other fluids through the body

Hydrostatic skeletons Layers of circular and longitudinal muscles that enable movement Ex.) worms

Exoskeleton External skeleton; tough external covering that protects and supports the body of many invertebrates Ex.) insects

Endoskeleton Structural support located inside the body Ex.) sea stars, humans

Reproduction Sexually Asexually

Trends in Animal Evolution page 660 – fill-in the blanks on the diagram Different phyla are related through a common evolutionary heritage Cell specialization Internal body organization Bilateral body symmetry Cephalization Body cavity

Cell Specialization Blastopore formed from blastula -Protosome -Deuterostome Cells form in 3 layers Endoderm- Inner most layer Mesoderm- Middle layer Ectoderm- Outer most layer

Body Symmetry Radial Symmetry Bilateral Symmetry Body parts repeat around the center of the body Example-cnidarians, jelly-fish Bilateral Symmetry 2 equal halves from the plane of symmetry Example- Cray fish or Humans

Radial vs. Bilateral Symmetry Copy the diagrams and vocabulary

Cephalization Concentration of sense organs and never cells in the front of the body Anterior end move forward

Body Cavity Formation Allows for the formation of organs Suspended and protected Not pressed on by muscles Not twisted out of shape by movement Leaves room for growth and expansion

Body Cavity Formation In other animals, the space contains fluids for: Circulation Feeding Excreting