United Nations Overview

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Presentation transcript:

United Nations Overview World History – Sobotta

Forerunner League of Nations 1919: Treaty of Versailles “Promote cooperation and achieve peace and security.” 3 reasons it failed No U.S. USSR Non-Committal No “teeth”

United Nations Founding 1944: US, UK, China, Soviet Union – early proposals 1945, San Francisco: 51 countries create charter UN Day: October 24

Membership Member? Accept obligations of UN Charter 1945: 50 members sign + Poland 1949: 59 (Israel) 1956: 80 (Japan) 1960: 99 (16 in Africa) 1971: 132 (5 in Middle East) 1977: 149 (Viet Nam) 1992: 179 (former Soviet states) 2006: 192 (Montenegro) Who’s not in the United Nations?

United Nations Purpose

UN Purposes UN Charter: INTERNATIONAL peace, security Solve international problems Friendly relations Respect human rights 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights

UN Principles Sovereign equality of all members. Fulfill obligations of charter – assistance. Settle disputes peacefully. Refrain from threat or use of force. No domestic interference.

General Assembly All members: one seat, one vote Sept-Dec Decision Making Want Consensus Settle for vote (majority or 2/3)

Security Council Anytime peace threatened 15 members 9/15 vote 5 Permanent 10: 2-year terms 9/15 vote “Permanent” Veto

The “UN System” 6 main committees 30 affiliated organizations (IMF, World Bank, WHO) 9000 employees Secretariat Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, Republic of Korea

Key U.N. Agencies World Health Organization – Monitoring & information; coordination; research/drugs. Unicef – UN Children’s Fund UNHCR – Support for refugees. IAEA – Atomic energy safety & security. WTO – World Trade Organization IMF – International Monetary Fund – Emergency loans. World Bank – Development loans.

Carrots Sticks Ceasefire and/or truce. Peacekeepers to separate warring parties. Mediation: Negotiate peace plans. “Safe areas” and humanitarian relief. Financial Assistance. Sticks Political Sanctions: No participation. Economic Sanctions: Restricted trade, loans. Investigations and criminal tribunals. “No Fly” Zone. Endorse military intervention.