Chapter 13: Personal Health Care Unit 5: Personal Care and Body Systems

Objectives Discuss ways skin, hair, and nails keep your body healthy Learn ways to manage oral care in order to keep you healthy Implement healthy behaviors that keep eyes and ears functioning

Assess Your Health! I recognize that using sunscreen will keep my skin healthy I know where to seek help for acne and other skin disorders I brush my teeth after every meal and floss daily I wear sunglasses in bright sunlight to protect my eye sight I avoid listening to loud music.

Healthy Skin, Nails, and Hair Lesson 1

Your Skin MAIN IDEA: Skin protects you from pathogens, regulates your body temperature, and helps you feel sensations Largest organ in the human body Epidermis: outer, thinner layer of the skin that is composed of living and dead cells Dermis: thicker layer of skin beneath the epidermis that is made up of connective tissue and contains blood vessels and nerves Lipids: what makes your skin waterproof Maintain a proper balance of water and electrolytes

Your Skin Melanin: a pigment that gives the skin, hair, and iris of the eyes their color The more melanin your body produces, the darker the skin Helps protect the body from harmful UV radiation that causes skin cancer Sebaceous glands: structures within the skin that produce an oily secretion called sebum Helps keep skin and nails from drying out

How the skin functions to keep you healthy: Protection Temperature control Sensation

MAIN IDEA: A daily routine will keep your skin healthy Keeping Skin Healthy MAIN IDEA: A daily routine will keep your skin healthy Wash your face every morning and evening Daily washing, bathing, or showering helps remove and slow bacteria growth Avoid touching your face with your hands Choose personal skin care products carefully to avoid irritation and the chance of an allergic reaction Follow a well-balanced diet that is rich in vitamins and minerals

UV Protection A tan is actually a sign of damaged skin Prolonged exposure to UV rays can lead to skin cancer Following are ways to protect yourself: ALWAYS wear sunscreen (SPF 15 or higher) Wear protective clothing (hats, long-sleeved shirts, pants) Wear sunglasses AVOID tanning beds

Body Piercing and Tattooing Piercings and tattoos are both permanent Involves breaking the skin barrier which increases risk of disease Hepatitis B & C and HIV Oral piercings can damage mouth and teeth ($$$$) Can impact your social health

Skin problems Acne Warts Dermatitis or eczema Fungal infections Boils Hair follicles: sacs or cavities that surround the roots of hairs Vitiligo Moles Melanoma: most serious form of skin cancer

The ABCDE’s of Melanoma A: Asymmetry B: Border irregularity C: Color D: Diameter E: Elevation

MAIN IDEA: Your hair protects your skin from UV radiation Hair grows on every surface of your skin, except the palms of your hand and soles of your feet You have more than 100,000 hairs on your head alone Hair helps protect the skin, especially the scalp, from exposure to UV radiation. Eyebrows and eyelashes protect the eyes from dust Healthy hair begins from a well-balanced diet Regular shampooing will keep your hair healthy To keep hair healthy, avoid harsh chemicals and heated irons or blow drying too often

Hair problems Dandruff: dead skin cells that are shed as sticky white flakes when the scalp becomes too dry Head lice

MAIN IDEA: Nails protect your fingers and toes Your Nails MAIN IDEA: Nails protect your fingers and toes Fingernails and toenails are made of closely packed dead cells that contain keratin Cells beneath the root of the nail divide and multiply, causing nails to grow Nails protect and support tissues of fingers and toes Keeping nails trimmed reduces the risk of fungal infections

Healthy Teeth and Mouth Lesson 2

MAIN IDEA: Every tooth has three main parts Your Teeth MAIN IDEA: Every tooth has three main parts Periodontium: the area immediately around the tooth Made up of gums, periodontal ligaments, and the jawbone Support the tooth and hold it into place 3 main parts: the crown, the neck, and the root Crown: visible portion of the tooth Protected with enamel (a hard substance made of calcium)

Your Teeth Dentin: a layer of connective tissue that contributes to the shape and hardness of the tooth Located beneath the enamel Pulp: the tissue that contains the blood vessels and nerves of a tooth Protected by the overlying layers of dentin and enamel Extends into the root canal Neck: between the crown and the root

Keeping Your Teeth and Mouth Healthy MAIN IDEA: You can make choices that keep your teeth and mouth clean and healthy Oral hygiene, which includes brushing and flossing your teeth, is necessary for healthy and clean teeth Tooth decay occurs when enamel is destroyed Plaque: combination of bacteria and other particles, such as small bits of food, which adheres to the outside of a tooth Damages the tooth by coating it, sealing out the saliva that protects the tooth When plaque builds up, the damage results in a cavity If decay reaches the pulp, the tooth may have to be removed

Keeping Your Teeth and Mouth Healthy Brushing your teeth after eating removes plaque and flossing reaches the areas the bristles of the toothbrush may not Visit your dentist regularly Additional ways to keep teeth healthy: Well-balanced diet Reduce sugar intake Brush teeth after each meal and floss daily Wear a mouth guard if you plays sports Avoid tobacco

Tooth and Mouth Problems MAIN IDEA: Neglecting your teeth can result in problems Halitosis: bad breath Periodontal disease: inflammation of the periodontal structures Gingivitis: swollen and irritated gums Malocclusion: misalignment of the upper and lower teeth Impacted wisdom teeth

Healthy Eyes and Ears Lesson 3

Your Eyes MAIN IDEA: The eyes and their supporting structures are a complex of parts The eye consists of the optic nerve and three layers of the eyeball wall Outermost layer: Sclera: the white part of the eye Cornea: transparent tissue that bends and focuses light before it enters the lens Middle layer: Choroid: thin structure that lines the inside of the sclera Iris: colored portion of the eye that contains the pupil Pupil: hole through which light reaches the inner eye

Your Eyes Retina: inner layer of the eye wall Contains millions of light sensitive cells called rods and cones Rods: allow us to see in dim light Cones: function in bright light and allow us to see color Lens: transparent and helps refine focus of images on the retina The area between the cornea and the lens is filled with a watery fluid called aqueous humor Between the lens and the retina there is a cavity filled with a gelatin-like substance vitreous humor Helps the eyeball stay firm and keep its shape

Vision When light passes through the cornea, pupil, and lens to reach the retina, an image forms The brain translates the nerve impulse into images that you recognize Having clear, or 20/20 vision, means that the images are produced clearly and sharply on your retina Means you can stand 20 feet away from an eye chart and read the top 8 lines When the images are not clear, an eye doctor performs tests to determine what type of disorder is affecting your vision Myopia: nearsightedness Hyperopia: farsightedness 20/60 vision: nearsighted, which means you can see close, but not far

Eye Problems Nearsightedness Farsightedness Astigmatism Strabismus Detached retina Infections or viruses Glaucoma Cataracts Macular Degeneration

Keeping Your Eyes Healthy MAIN IDEA: Making healthy choices will keep your eyes healthy Follow a well-balanced diet Protect your eyes Rest your eyes regularly Get regular eye exams

Your Ears MAIN IDEA: The inner, middle, and outer ear work together so you can hear Outer ear: Auricle: visible part of the ear External auditory canal leads to the eardrum Lined with tiny hairs and glands that produce wax to protect from dust Middle ear: Auditory ossicles: three small bones linked together that connect the eardrum to the inner ear Smallest bones in the body Connected to the throat through the eustachian tube When you swallow or yawn this tube allows pressure to be equalized on each side of the eardrum

Your Ears Inner ear: Labyrinth: inner ear Cochlea: a spiral-shaped canal and is the area of hearing in the inner ear Vestibule and semicircular canals are where balance is controlled

Keeping Your Ears Healthy MAIN IDEA: Caring for your ears helps prevent irritation, injury, infection, and damage to ears, as well as hearing loss Having regular hearing examinations Middle ear infections can damage the structure of the ear Treatable by antibiotics Wearing a hat Protective gear Keep foreign objects, like cotton swabs out of ear canal

Preventing Hearing Loss Exposure to loud noises can lead to temporary and sometimes permanent hearing loss or deafness over time Conductive hearing loss: sound waves are not passed from the outer ear to the inner ear due to blockage or injury to the inner ear Middle ear infection causing fluid to build up within middle ear Sensorineural hearing loss: could result from birth defect, exposure to noise, growing older, and medication problems Tinnitus: a condition in which a ringing, buzzing, whistling, roaring, hissing, or other sound is heard in the ear in the absence of external sound Can be prevented by avoiding loud music and wearing ear plugs in noisy environments

Reference Florida Health