1.2 Cardio-respiratory system: Cardiovascular system 1.2.1-1.2.5

Components of the Cardiovascular system What makes up the CV system? Heart Blood Blood Vessels

Functions What does the cardiovascular system do for us? Transports oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients Helps the blood to clot with platelets when the skin is broken Temperature control

How does the cv system control our body temperature? The body attempts to keep a constant temperature. Sometimes we exercise outside in the cold Sometimes we get hot and produce heat as a by-product of producing energy. Vasodilation – blood vessels increase in diameter to enable the blood vessels to increase blood flow to the capillaries under the surface of the skin to cool down. Vasoconstriction – blood vessels decrease in diameter to decrease blood flow to the capillaries and reduce heat loss.

Recap Flow of Blood Watch this!

Label as much as you can in pencil

How many did you get right?

Flow of Blood

Label the flow

Flow of blood lungs body’s cells Oxygenated blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary vein. Deoxygenated blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. lungs Oxygenated blood is pumped at high pressure from the heart to the body through the aorta. Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart through the vena cava. This simple plan shows the heart and the 4 main blood vessels. Introduce the following: Double circulatory system = (1) PULMONARY CIRCULATION (anything pulmonary should be associated with the lungs) between the heart and the lungs and back (2) SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION between the heart and the rest of the body’s systems and back to the heart. Introduce the idea of the heart as a double pump – the right-hand side receiving and pumping deoxygenated blood, the left-hand side receiving and pumping oxygenated blood. ARTERIES carry blood away from the heart, VEINS carry blood to the heart. body’s cells

Task Complete the flow chart by filling in the gaps

(via semi-lunar valve/aortic valve) Lungs Pulmonary ……………… (via bicuspid valve) A……… (via semi-lunar valve/aortic valve) Body cells (via tricuspid valve) Pulmonary …………….

(via semi-lunar/aortic valve) Lungs Pulmonary Vein Left atrium Left Ventricle (via bicuspid valve) Aorta (via semi-lunar/aortic valve) Body cells Vena Cava Right Atrium Right Ventricle (via tricuspid valve) Pulmonary Artery

Task Fill in the blanks on the blood vessels sheet. Artery Vein Capillary Fill in the blanks on the blood vessels sheet.

Blood Vessels Artery Vein Capillary Structure: Thick walls Function: Carry oxygenated blood at high pressure away from the heart Exception: Pulmonary artery (deoxygenated) Thin walls Have valves to prevent backflow. Carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart at low pressure. Exception: Pulmonary vein (oxygenated) Very thin walls (one cell thick) Link smaller veins with smaller arteries. Carry blood at very low pressure Allow gaseous exchange to occur to get oxygen and nutrients to body cells.

Vascular Shunting This is when…. Blood is diverted away from inactive areas to areas which need more oxygen E.G. when exercising, the muscles need additional oxygen to be delivered to them. Blood can be shunted away from the stomach in order to do this, hence the need for digestion to be completed before exercise. Vasodilation and vasoconstriction is used here. Vasodilation in the active areas and vasoconstriction in the inactive areas. This controls the blood flow

Components of blood Complete the match up task sheet

Help fight infection – like pac men Plasma Like little trucks which carry oxygen to muscles and remove waste products. Red Blood Cells Stick together and to the blood vessels to clot and prevent bleeding. Like plates Platelets Help fight infection – like pac men Transports all the other blood cells around the body like a stream White blood cells

Help fight infection – like pac men Plasma Like little trucks which carry oxygen to muscles and remove waste products. Red Blood Cells Stick together and to the blood vessels to clot and prevent bleeding. Like plates Platelets Help fight infection – like pac men Transports all the other blood cells around the body like a stream White blood cells

Task Now think of how we use each component of blood in a different sporting situation. The easiest one is: Red Blood cells – We need these in sport so that we can transport oxygen and nutrients to the working muscles to produce energy. (How does vasodilation and vasoconstriction occur here?)

Blood Pressure This is the measure of the force your heart uses to pump blood around your body. It is affected by age, smoking, stress and diet For example: 135/95 Note: High Blood Pressure puts extra strain on your heart and blood vessels. This increases the risk of heart attack or stroke. Systolic: Highest number Pressure when heart pumps Diastolic: Lowest number Pressure when heart is relaxing

Cardio- respiratory System Homework Create some flash cards to help you to remember key points on everything we have revised so far. E.G. Cardio- respiratory System