1. The heart 1
The heart

2. What you will learn about
The heart 2
What you will learn about
in this topic:
The heart
The heart as a double pump
The circulatory and pulmonary systems

3. The heart 3
Learning objectives
By the end of this presentation you should be able to:
Understand how the heart and the circulatory and plumonary systems work
Describe the heart as a double pump
Explain why systems are important to athletes

4. The circulatory system
The heart 4
The circulatory system
The circulatory system involves the heart, blood vessels and blood itself. These are the three essential components the body needs to survive.

5. The heart 5
The circulatory system is also known as the cardiovascular system; cardio meaning heart and vascular relating to blood vessels.
The cirulatory system is made up of two separate circuits that blood travels through: the pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit.

6. The heart 6
This is a double circulatory system and blood passes through the heart twice.

7. The functions of the circulatory system
The heart 7
The functions of the
circulatory system
Oxygen and nutrients are transported to parts of the body, while waste or toxic products are removed.
The balance of nutrients keeps the body functioning properly.

8. The body relies on these actions to stay alive.
The heart 8
The body relies on these actions to stay alive.
The circulatory system controls body temperature. The body is affected by changes to temperature, so keeping it in an acceptable range keeps the body functioning properly.

9. The heart 9
The circulatory system also helps protect the body; antibodies in the blood fight disease and platelets help to clot the blood at the source of a cut to prevent other germs entering the body.

10. The heart 10
Task 1
Create prompt cards by writing down the main functions of the circulatory system on A6 size cards.
Make sure they are neat and concise. They will help you to revise later on!
Teacher’s notes
To help lower-ability students, key words could be provided. Higher-ability students could develop further prompts by writing possible questions on other cards with the answers on the reverse.

11. The circulatory system relies on three key things:
The heart 11
The circulatory system relies on three key things:
A transport medium (blood).
Transport vessels (arteries and veins).
A pump (the heart, a cardiac muscle).

12. The heart 12
Aorta
Superior vena cava
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Semi-lunar valve
Right atrium
Mitral value
Tricuspid value
Septum
Left ventricle
Right ventricle

13. Blue arrows usually denote the veins, showing deoxygenated blood.
The heart 13
On heart diagrams, red arrows usually denote the arteries, showing oxygenated blood.
Blue arrows usually denote the veins, showing deoxygenated blood.

14. Task 2 Draw a copy of the heart diagram and label it.
Show the flow of blood through the heart on your diagram. Use colour (red and blue) to show where the blood is oxygenated and deoxygenated.
Teacher’s notes
Lower-ability students could be provided with a printout of the relevant slide so they can annotate the main parts of the heart. Higher-ability students could devise a way of linking the diagram to other parts of the circulatory systems and show them in the diagram. They could also add in extra details such as effects of exercise on the heart.

15. The heart acts as a pump in the double circulatory system.
The heart as a pump
The heart acts as a pump in the double circulatory system.

16. The heart 16
When the heart beats (contracts) it is called systole. This action forces blood through the arteries around the body.
When the heart relaxes it fills with blood returning from the veins. This is called the diastole or diastolic phase.

17. The heart 17
The pulmonary circuit carries deoxygenated blood from the heart, from the right ventricle, to the lungs, via the pulmonary artery; the blood is then oxygenated (carbon dioxide is removed from the blood in the lungs).

18. The heart 18

19. The heart 19
The oxygenated blood is then taken from the lungs, via the pulmonary vein, and taken to the left atrium of the heart (oxygen is taken up by the haemoglobin in red blood cells).

20. The heart 20

21. The heart 21
The systemic circuit carries oxygenated blood from the heart, pumped from the left atrium to the left ventricle into the aorta, to the rest of the body so it can use the oxygen.

22. The heart 22

23. The cycle then starts over again.
The heart 23
Deoxygenated blood is then taken back from the body to the right atrium of the heart via the vena cava.
The cycle then starts over again.

24. The heart 24

25. The heart 25
The heart
The heart has four chambers. The two atria collect blood and the two ventricles pump the blood out of the heart.

26. The heart 26
Deoxygenated blood
Oxygenated blood

27. The heart 27
The right side of the body pumps deoxygenated blood (blood with no oxygen in it) to the lungs.
Oxygenated blood

28. The heart 28
The left side pumps oxygenated blood (blood with more oxygen in it) from the lungs to the rest of the body.
Deoxygenated blood

29. The heart 29
The septum divides the left and right sides of the heart so that oxygenated and deoxygenated blood do not mix.
Septum

30. The heart 30
The left ventricle wall is thicker than the right side. It is more developed as it pumps blood further around the body.
Left ventricle

31. The heart 31
Sets of valves are positioned in the heart to stop the backflow of blood.
Semi-lunar valve

32. The heart 32
Task 3
Draw a diagram in your work book showing the pulmonary and systemic systems.
Clearly label your diagram.
Teacher’s notes
Provide lower-ability students with a printout of the relevant slide to label. High-ability students should carry out this task without the help of the Student’s Book.

33. The heart 33
Task 4
As a class, discuss why you think the circulatory system is important to sportspeople.

34. The heart 34
Exam questions
1. Which of the following best describes the pulmonary circuit?
Heart – pulmonary arteries – lungs –pulmonary vein – heart
Heart – aorta – lungs – pulmonary vein – heart
Heart – pulmonary arteries – capillaries – lungs – pulmonary vein – heart
Heart – pulmonary arteries – lungs – vena cava – heart
Teacher’s notes
Correct answer is 1A.

35. What you have learnt in this topic:
The heart 35
What you have learnt
in this topic:
The heart
The heart as a double pump
The circulatory and pulmonary systems
Functions of the circulatory system

36. Learning objectives You should now be able to:
The heart 36
Learning objectives
You should now be able to:
Understand how the heart and the circulatory and pulmonary systems work
Describe the heart as a double pump
Explain why systems are important to athletes