ANTEBELLUM “REVOLUTIONS”: and Changes in American Society

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Presentation transcript:

ANTEBELLUM “REVOLUTIONS”: and Changes in American Society Transportation Industrial Market Immigration

The Age of Jackson Industrial Revolution in America Transportation Revolution Market Revolution The Indian Question Mass Immigration (1840s) Irish German Scandinavian(Northern and Western Europe) More democratic (small “d”) politics Revolution of 1828 “Jacksonian democracy” Religious revival and expansion 2nd Great Awakening Mormonism Universalism - Unitarianism Reform movements Temperance Abolition Education Women’s Rights Insane asylums Health care/practices Utopian communities

Transportation Revolution The period from 1800-1860 saw the massive expansion of modes and means of transportation Included: Roads (National or Cumberland Road) Canals (Erie, etc.) Railroads

Map 10.3 The Transportation Revolution: Roads and Canals, 1820–1850 (p. 298)

Canals Canal building boom Erie Canal built to connect western farmers and their products with eastern markets in New York

Steamboats and Robert Fulton Development of a commercial steamboat for shallow river travel Transformed commerce along riverways Fueled growth of major river cities (Cincinnati, Columbus, Louisville, Pittsburgh, St. Louis, etc.)

Map 10.5 Railroads of the North and South, 1850–1860 (p. 301)

Map 10.4 The Speed of News in 1817 and 1841 (p. 300)

Transportation Revolution

The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution was an ongoing effort, over many decades, to increase production by using machines powered by sources other than humans or animals. In the North Eli Whitney’s idea of interchangeable parts Samuel Slater’s introduction of the model factory Lowell system of labor (Lowell Textile mills) In the South, Whitney’s cotton gin Increased production of cotton dramatically (King Cotton) Increased need for slaves entrenches slavery in the southern economy

Technology Celebrated (p. 284)

Samuel Slater’s Spinning Frame (p. 289)

Mill Girl, c. 1850 (p. 290)

Map 10.6 The Nation’s Major Cities in 1840 (p. 302)

Women and Immigration provide Labor

Immigration ABC-CLIO

Figure 11.2 The Surge in Immigration, 1842–1855 (p. 338)

German, Irish, and Total Immigration, 1830 – 1860

Antebellum Immigration

Market Revolution - Change from local to regional to national economies Expanding Economy - combination Industrial Transportation Labor force (Immigration, Urbanization) Surplus Manufacturing - from New England to other Northern states and territories Economic changes: early 1800s - free enterprise system - rewarded better, faster, more efficient ways of doing businesses. Banks lent capital for investment Banks printed bank notes - value fluctuated depending on the time and place that they were cashed.