The Middle Ages 1066-1485.

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Presentation transcript:

The Middle Ages 1066-1485

Timeline Old English (450-1066) Middle English (1066-1485) Anglo-Saxon Beowulf Middle English (1066-1485) Norman Conquest The Canterbury Tales The Renaissance (1485-1660) Shakespeare

Middle English-Norman Conquest Duke William of Normandy, France defeated & killed King Harold of England (last of Anglo-Saxon kings) VS. King Harold Duke William

Middle English (cont’d) Radically affected English history, character, and language Added French or Norman to Anglo-Saxon English More democratic & artistic More emphasis on law & order & cultural unity

Feudalism Replaced old Nordic social structure from Beowulf Resulted from Norman conquest Is a caste, property, and military system that is based on a religious concept of hierarchy with God as supreme overlord (pyramid power)

Feudalism (cont’d) Bound to person above him Castes Kings Nobles Knights Serfs & Peasants Bound to person above him

Knighthood Primary duty of males above serf class was military service to their lords (trained at early ages to be warriors) Then “dubbed” (ceremonially tapped on shoulder) as a Knight (title= “sir”)

Knighthood Chivalry- social code of conduct Loyalty to overlord Rules of warfare (never attack unarmed opp.) Adoring a particular lady Made knight braver & better (courtly love) Courtly love in ideal form (nonsexual) Knight wore lady’s colors in battle to be inspired by her Brought about idealized attitude toward women

Women- No Voice, No Choice No political rights Subservient to a man (husband, father, brother) Social standing from husband or father = respect Peasants= childbearing & housework Nobles= childbearing & household supervision

New City Classes As population grew, people moved into towns & cities (not feudal system) Development of city classes Upper-middle Middle Lower

Great Happenings The Crusades – series of wars waged by European Christians against Muslims. (prize=Jerusalem) result = rich, varied life Martyrdom of Thomas á Beckett – was assassinated because he sided with the pope against the king; resulted in weak govt.

Great Happenings (cont’d) The Magna Carta – document that gave democratic power to (some of ) the people. Result = basis for English constitutional law The Hundred Years War – war between England and France; resulted in yeoman (small land owners) replacing knight as icon

Great Happenings The Black Death – bubonic plague spread by rats; killed 1/3 of population of England; result = labor shortage, so serfs gained freedom and feudalism ended.