China in the Middle Ages

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China in the Middle Ages Song Dynasty

The Founding of the Song Dynasty Last Tang Emperor resigns in 907 Zhou Kuangyin (Taizu) Founds Song Dynasty Scholarly general emphasized Zhou dynasty ruled for 300 years Liao Dynasty founded by Khitan (nomads) Defeat Song in 13th century Song had to pay tribute to Liao The Khitan were sinified by Chinese and found Song culture superior

Song Politics: Partial Restoration Military subordinate to scholarly gentry Only civil officials allowed to govern to remove military influence Military commanders rotated to prevent a build up of power Civil service exams still given

The Revival of Confucian Thought Hostility to foreign philosophy such as Buddhism grew Gender, class, and age distinction reinforced upholding patriarchal society Thought historical experience was best Libraries established Study of classical texts still important Neo-Confucians stressed personal morality Zhu Xi Stressed philosophy in everyday life

Roots of Decline: Attempts at reform Khitan independence encourages other nomads Tangut, Tibet Xi Xia Song pay tribute for protection of northern boarder Wang Anshi Confucian scholar and Chief minister Reformer & Legalist Supported Agricultural expansion Taxed landlords and scholarly gentry

Reaction & Disaster: The Flight South Wang Anshi dies 1085 Reforms reversed by his successor Economy deteriorates Jurchens (nomadic peoples) defeat Lao (Khitans) Jin kingdom established 1115 Song flee south Hangzhou becomes new capital Southern Song Dynasty lasts over a century

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