1. AP World History Chapter 10
East Asia in the Post-Classical Period

2. The Imperial Age Taika, Nara, and Heian (7th to 9th centuries)
Borrowing from China at height

3. Taika Reforms
Copy Chinese style of rule, two officials sent to China during Tang. They returned with information on government.
Bureaucracy, Central Government Stronger
Opposed by aristocracy, Buddhist monks

4. Heian Period Capital to Heian (Kyoto) Abandons Taika reforms
Aristocracy restored to power
During the Heian the Fujiwara clan married their daughters to the heirs to the throne, thus ensuring their authority.
The pleasure loving emperors lost control of policy to aristocratic court families.
This loss of control led to Japanese Feudalism.

5. Court Life in the Heian Era
Court culture
Codes of behavior
Aesthetic enjoyment
Poetry
Women and men take part
Lady Murasaki, Tale of Genji

7. The Decline of Imperial Power
Fujiwara family
Dominate government
Cooperate with Buddhists
Elite cult
Regional lords (bushi)
Fortress bases
Semi-independent
Samurai
Warrior class emerges
Martial arts esteemed
Special code
Family honor
Death rather than defeat
Seppuku or hari-kiri
Peasants lose status, freedom
Salvationist Buddhism

8. The Era of Warrior Dominance
By the 11th and 12th centuries
Family rivalries dominate
Taira, Minamoto
The Declining Influence of China
838, Japanese embassies to China stopped
Gempei Wars
1185, Minamoto victorious
Bakufu, military government
Kamakura, capital

9. The Breakdown of Bakufu Dominance and the Age of the Warlords
Yoritomo
Minamoto leader
Assassinates relatives
Death brings succession struggle
Hojo family
Minamoto, emperor figureheads
Ashikaga Takuaji
Minamoto
14th century, overthrows Kamakura rule
Ashikaga Shogunate established
Emperor driven from Kyoto
Struggle weakens all authority

10. Japanese Feudalism: 1467-1477, civil war among Ashikaga factions
The Age of Warlords divided Japan into 300 small states each ruled by a different Warlord.
The Emperor lost more control to the Shogons.

11. Toward Barbarism?
Military Division and Social Change
Warfare becomes more brutal
Daimyo support commerce
Artistic Solace for a Troubled Age
Zen Buddhism
Important among elite
Point of contact with China

12. Korea: Between China and Japan
Separate, but greatly influenced
Ancestors from Siberia, Manchuria
By 4th century B.C.E., farming, metalworking

13. Tang Alliances and the Conquest of Korea
109 B.C.E., Choson kingdom conquered by Han
Silla, Paekche
Koguryo people
Resist Chinese dominance
Sinification increases after fall of the Han
Buddhism an important vehicle
Sinification: The Tributary Link
Silla, Koryo dynasties ( )
Peak of Chinese influence
Silla politically independent

14. Koryo Collapse, Dynastic Renewal
Revolts
Caused by labor, tax burdens
Weaken Silla, Koryo governments
1231, Mongol invasion
Followed by turmoil
1392, Yi dynasty founded
Lasts until 1910

15. The Making of Vietnam, Chinese push south to Red River valley
Viets
Retain distinctiveness
Qin
Raid into Vietnam, 220s B.C.E.
Commerce increased
Viets conquer Red River lords
Merge with Mon-Khmer, Tai
Culture distinct from China
Women generally have higher status
Conquest and Sinification
Han
Expand, Vietnam becomes a tributary
from 111 B.C.E., direct control
Chinese culture systematically introduced

20. The Making of Vietnam Roots of Resistance
Resistance from aristocracy, peasants
Women participate
39 C.E., Revolt of Trung sisters
Winning Independence and Continuing Chinese Influences
Distance from China helps resistance
Independence by 939 until 19th century
Le Dynasty ( )
Using Chinese-style bureaucracy

21. Expansion and Division
The Making of Vietnam
The Vietnamese Drive to the South
Indianized Khmer
Defeated, Viets expand into Mekong delta region
Expansion and Division
Hanoi
Far from frontiers
Cultural divisions develop following intermarriage with Chams, Khmers
Nguyen dynasty
Capital at Hue, by late 1500s
Challenge Trinh in North
Rivalry until 18th century

26. Sui Dynasty Wendi Nobleman
Victory over Chen united traditional Chinese Core.
Built grain bins for storing grain.
Lowered taxes and built massive canals.
Leads nomadic leaders to control northern China
589, defeat of Chen kingdom
Yangdi Emperor
Murdered Father.
Established milder legal code
Upgraded Confucian education and restored examination system.
Extravagant living and building led to social upheaval.

28. Tang Dynasty Extended boarder to Afghanistan.
Continued the re-building of the Great Wall.
Re-building of the bureaucracy.
Aristocracy weakened
Confucian ideology revised
Scholar-gentry elite reestablished
Bureaucracy
Bureau of Censors

29. Confucianism and Buddhism
Confucianism and Buddhism potential rivals
Buddhism had been central
Mahayana Buddhism popular in era of turmoil
Chan (Zen) Buddhism common among elite
Early Tang support Buddhism
Empress Wu ( )
Endows monasteries
Tried to make Buddhism the state religion
50,000 monasteries by c. 850

30. The Anti-Buddhist Backlash
Confucians in administration
Support taxation of Buddhist monasteries
Persecution under Emperor Wuzong ( )
Monasteries destroyed
Lands redistributed
Confucian emerges the central ideology

31. Tang Decline 755 CE, Revolts Ineffective leaders
Frontier boarders raided
Corrupt government officials
907 CE, last Tang emperor resigns

32. Song Dynasty Song founded in 960 C.E
Song unable to defeat northern nomads.
Song payed tribute to Liao

33. Song Politics Settling for Partial Restoration
Scholar-gentry patronized
Given power over military
The Revival of Confucian Thought
Libraries established
Old texts recovered
Neo-confucians
Stress on personal morality
Zhu Xi
Importance of philosophy in everyday life
Hostility to foreign ideas
Gender, class, age distinctions reinforced

34. Roots of Decline: Attempts at Reform
Khitan independence encourages others
Tangut, Tibet
Xi Xia
Song pay tribute
Wang Anshi
Confucian scholar, chief minister
Reforms
Supported agricultural expansion
Landlords, scholar-gentry taxed

37. Southern Song Dynasty Jurchens defeat Liao in the North
1115, found Jin kingdom
Invade China
Southern Song Dynasty
New capital at Hangzhou
Southern Song Dynasty ( )

38. Tang and Song Prosperity: The Basis of a Golden Age
Canal system
Built to accommodate population shift
Yangdi's Grand Canal
Links North to South
Silk routes reopened
Greater contact with Buddhist, Islamic regions
Sea trade
Developed by late Tang, Song
Junks
Commerce expands
Credit
Deposit shops
Flying money
Urban growth
Changan
Tang capital
2 million

39. Tang and Song Prosperity: The Basis of a Golden Age
Expanding Agrarian Production and Life in the Country
New areas cultivated
Canals help transport produce
Aristocratic estates
Divided among peasants
Scholar-gentry replace aristocracy
Family and Society in the Tang-Song Era
Great continuity
Marriage brokers
Elite women have broader opportunities
Empresses Wu, Wei
Divorce widely available

40. The Neo-Confucian Assertion of Male Dominance
Neo-Confucians reduce role of women
Confinement
Men allowed great freedom
Men favored in inheritance, divorce
Women not educated
Foot binding

41. Glorious Age Conclusion
Invention and Artistic Creativity
Influence over neighbors
Economy stimulated by advances in farming, finance
Explosives
Used by Song for armaments
Compasses, abacus
Bi Sheng
Printing with moveable type
Scholarly Refinement and Artistic Accomplishment
Scholar-gentry key
Change from Buddhist artists
Secular scenes more common
Li Bo
Poet
Nature a common theme in poetry, art