The changing UK Economy. Revision Thursday, 20 September 2018

Which type of picture does each picture represent Which type of picture does each picture represent? Define each type of industry

Using the graph describe how secondary employment has changed since 1800

Decline of primary industry: coal mining. A named example In 1920 over 1 million people worked in UK coal mines. Today it is 8000. Why has the number of coal miners declined? Consider demand, supply, foreign competition and technology 1920 2014 1920 2014

Decline of primary industry. Coal mining is an excellent example of a primary industry in decline. If in the exam you are given resources about another primary industry in decline you should write about the impact of: Demand Supply Foreign competition Technology

Secondary industry Total employment in secondary industry has declined for similar reasons to primary industry. Some industries, however, have grown whilst others have declined.

Clothing factories Revision. Where are most of our clothes manufactured? Why are most of our clothes manufactured in these locations?

Clothing factories. How did you do? Where are most of our clothes manufactured? LEDCs: often in Asia. Why are most of our clothes manufactured in these locations? Indicative content: Cheaper labour Cheaper land Fewer health and safety rules Fewer employment laws

Car factories. Case study Nissan Car factories. Case study Nissan. An example of a secondary industry in a MEDC Why did Nissan choose Sunderland?

Car factories. Case study Nissan Car factories. Case study Nissan. An example of a secondary industry in a MEDC Why did Nissan choose Sunderland? How did you do? The A 19 offers a major north-south transport route for the shipping in of components needed to build the cars and the export of the finished product to the European Union. This is the Nissan plant, attracted to the North East by government grants and a strong tradition of engineering in the region. Additional land is available for expansion. The site is close to the major cities of Newcastle an Sunderland, a handy and skilled workforce.

Secondary industry. If you are asked to explain why secondary industry might locate in a particular place you should mention some or all of these factors : Cheap land Cheap labour Government grants Skilled labour Good access Located in the EU.

Exam question Suggest reasons for the changes in primary and secondary employment in the UK. (6 marks)

Suggest reasons for the changes in primary and secondary employment in the UK. (6 marks) Answer here

Tertiary sector employment. Named examples. Canary Wharf Dinnington Describe the kinds of tertiary sector jobs on offer in each location. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each job?

Tertiary sector employment. Named examples. How did you do? Canary Wharf Dinnington Investment banks Insurance Bio technology IT Call centres Retail Home delivery service Canary Wharf Dinnington Well paid Highly skilled Fixed hours Requires a degree Secure Low, often minimum wages Variable hours Low skilled Requires few qualifications Temporary or seasonal

Why does the North East of England suffer from high unemployment? The North East of England: a named example of an area where employment structure has changed Why does the North East of England suffer from high unemployment?

The North East of England: a named example of an area where employment structure has changed Why does the North East of England suffer from high unemployment? Suggested answers Coal Steel Shipbuilding Public sector spending It was very expensive to extract this from deep underground Factories overseas produced this more cheaply. Asian countries could build these more cheaply and to a larger size The government had less money to spend

The South East of England Read the next slide to answer these questions How has the employment structure changed in South East England between 1996 and 2011? Explain why so many companies in the “knowledge economy” have located in South East England. Which area offers the better quality of life? Explain your reasons.

Exam question 2 Using the table of data explain why average incomes in Rotherham are lower than in the rest of the UK (4 marks) Rotherham London UK Professional and managerial 33% 50% 43% Administrative and skilled 21% 23% 22% Semi skilled and unskilled 46% 27% 35% Full time work 68% 78% 74% Part time work 32% 26%

2 Using the table of data explain why average incomes in Rotherham are lower than in the rest of the UK (4 marks)

Exam question 2 Describe the impacts of changing employment trends on one UK region you have studied (6 marks)

2 Describe the impacts of changing employment trends on one UK region you have studied (6 marks)

Exam questions Explain the employment trends in one UK region you have studied (8 marks)

Explain the employment trends in one UK region you have studied (8 marks)

What is de-industrialisation What is de-industrialisation? What are the impacts of deindustrialisation?

What are the impacts of deindustrialisation? Indicative content Social Physical / Environmental Economic Unemployment Crime Poor health (physical and mental) Out migration Derelict land Wildlife habitats established Poor image of the area High unemployment leads to low incomes. Inward investment declines

Glasgow: an area of deindustrialisation that has redeveloped How did Glasgow redevelop? Click the picture for a video to refresh your memory

Glasgow: an area of deindustrialisation that has redeveloped Burrell Collection art museum Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre Glasgow Science Centre Riverside Museum of Transport and Travel Riverside homes Riverside restaurants and bars BBC Scotland headquarters

How successful is the regeneration of Glasgow?

How successful is the regeneration of Glasgow? Answers Advantages Disadvantages Land is no longer derelict Hotels and art galleries provide new jobs The area now has a positive image Jobs in hotels may not be well paid Jobs may be seasonal Local people may not have the skills required to work in the media industry

Where should future development take place? Development can either take place on “brownfield” or “greenfield” sites. Brownfield Greenfield Land that has never been built on Land that has old buildings on. These are removed and replaced with new ones.

Fort Dunlop, an example of brownfield development Using pages 230-231 describe how Fort Dunlop has changed over time

Fort Dunlop, a named example of brownfield development Date 1950 A tyre storage depot employing 12000 people 1980 The tyre depot closes 1990 Fort Dunlop is derelict and unused 2006 Fort Dunlop reopens as a hotel and office complex.

Solihull, an example of greenfield development Plans to build 10 500 homes on Greenfield sites

Brownfield v Greenfield What are the advantages and disadvantages of different types of development? Brownfield Greenfield Advantages Disadvantages

Brownfield v Greenfield Suggested answers Brownfield Greenfield Advantages Derelict land is bought back into use Creates new jobs Helps to solve a shortage of housing Provides a pleasant place to live and work Disadvantages The site may be in an area where demand for land is low The site may be an important location for urban wildlife. Clean up costs can be high Can destroy important ecosystems Traffic congestion increases as people commute further. Valuable farmland is lost Expensive to provide infrastructure

Exam question Exam question Using examples, explain the environmental impacts of deindustrialisation and economic change ( 8 marks)

Exam question Exam question Using examples, explain the environmental impacts of deindustrialisation and economic change ( 8 marks)

Exam question Using examples, compare the benefits of brownfields and greenfield urban development (8 marks)

Exam question Using examples, compare the benefits of brownfields and greenfield urban development (8 marks)

Digital economy Research economy Green economy The British economy is creating lots of jobs in the three areas below: What job opportunities are there in each sector? Digital economy Research economy Green economy

What job opportunities are there in each sector? Possible answers Digital economy Research economy Green economy Using technology to access public services e.g. health Using technology to manage our home, for example heating and security Working away from the office and education Developing better food Developing the next generation of ‘gadgets’ Using technology to reduce traffic congestion Developing more efficient vehicles

Where will we work? Not only are the jobs we do changing, but where we do these jobs which will change. Three main changes you need to understand: Teleworking Flexible working Self employment What does each mean?

Answers Teleworking Using technology to work anywhere. Flexible working Self employment Using technology to work anywhere. Using technology to work when they want Working for yourself

Self employment? Would you like to work for yourself? How many reasons can you think of?

Self employment? The answers Advantages Disadvantages You keep all the money you earn If you don’t work, you do not get paid You work when you want to No pension or sick pay You can choose the tasks you want to do No guarantee of work You have to provide all of your equipment No one to boss you around Can you explain why each is an advantage or disadvantage?

Flexible and teleworking What are the advantages and disadvantages of flexible working?

Flexible and teleworking Advantages Disadvantages Answers Less stress from commuting Staff work better because they do not feel tense Staff are sick less often The cost of sick pay is reduced Isolation from colleagues Good ideas do not get shared Home workers are difficult to manage Workers may be “skiving”

Using examples, outline two areas where economic growth might take place in the UK. (6 marks)

Using examples, outline two areas where economic growth might take place in the UK. (6 marks)

Using examples, explain the impacts of changing workplace practices on different groups of people. (8 marks)

Using examples, explain the impacts of changing workplace practices on different groups of people. (8 marks)