What is it?? Progressive Era Time period from 1900-1915 Focus: cleaning up all the problems that developed from urbanization Came out of: the earlier Populist Movement Key Presidents Involved: Teddy Roosevelt William Taft Woodrow Wilson

Social Reform Social Reform is the cleaning up of problems within society Key Reforms: Child Labor Women’s Suffrage Temperance

Municipal Reform More power given to voters Amendments Passed Initiative Referendum Recall Amendments Passed 16th 17th Voting Process Direct Primaries Secret Ballot

Presidents Roosevelt Taft Wilson Hepburn Act Elkins Act Bull-Moose Party Mann Act Pure Food and Drug Act Conservation Meat Inspection Act “Square Deal” Trust Buster Ballinger-Pinchot Affair Payne Aldrich Tariff 16th Amendment 17th Amendment Federal Trade Commission Federal Reserve Act 18th Amendment 19th Amendment Underwood Tariff Clayton Anti-Trust

The Progressive Presidents- Roosevelt Entered after the assassination of McKinley Considered the presidency a “Bully Pulpit” He focuses on: Reforming big business practices Guarding public health Conserving the nation’s resources

The Progressive Presidents- Roosevelt Big Business Reform Trust-Bustin’ Teddy Goes after the ones that harm the public health! Regulation rather than busting Sherman Anti-trust Act really not that effective- needed a strong president Interstate Commerce Commission is strengthened Mann Act Elkins Act Hepburn Act “Square Deal” Anthracite Coal Strike Northern Securities v. U.S. Came after U.S. v. E.C. Knight

The Progressive Presidents- Roosevelt Guarding the public health Upton Sinclair and The Jungle Started the term: “muckraker” Led to the Meat Inspection Act Pure Food and Drug Act

The Progressive Presidents- Roosevelt Conservation Roosevelt believed the west had ‘healing powers’ Wanted to make sure generations to come to see the beauty He and his Secretary of the Interior, Ethan A. Hitchcock, developed a conservation plan Roosevelt added an additional 200 million acres for national forests, mineral reserves, and water projects Established the Bureau of Forestry and named Gifford Pinchot to head it

The Progressive Presidents- Taft Endorsed by Roosevelt; Roosevelt expected Taft to carry out his Progressive ideals Payne-Aldrich Tariff Major let down! Brought Taft a lot of criticism Ballinger-Pinchot Affair Reveals Taft’s insecurity After Pinochot accuses Ballinger of corruption, Taft fires Pinochot. Later, Ballinger resigns, BUT this ruins Taft’s reputation.

The Progressive Presidents- Election of 1912 Roosevelt hates Taft’s presidency…vows to fix it and decides to run again Roosevelt- Republican, Taft- Republican…so the party splits The Candidates Roosevelt- Bull Moose/Progressive Party (more liberal Republicans) Taft- Republican Party (conservative) Wilson- Democratic Party

The Progressive Presidents- Wilson Even though Wilson was a Democrat, he had the same beliefs as many life-long Progressives Wanted to attack the “Triple Wall of Privilege” Banks Trusts Tariffs

The Progressive Presidents- Wilson Big Business Reform Clayton Anti-Trust Act Replaces the Sherman Anti-Trust Act Much more effective Truly begins to break up trusts, rather than just “watch” over them Federal Trade Commission Watched out for corruption in big business Reported possible violations to Congress and the Judiciary committees

The Progressive Presidents- Wilson Taxes Underwood Tariff Act Much more successful than the Payne-Aldrich Tariff This one really did save people money 16th Amendment First income taxes are passed

The Progressive Presidents- Wilson Finances Wilson established the Federal Reserve System Allowed federal banks greater control of the money flow in times of emergency This control comes through the raising and lowering of interests rates Most successful institution of its kind that we have ever seen