Adapted from Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY The Ancient Middle East Adapted from Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY (With permission)
2. The Ancient Egyptians
Agriculture is the center of this civilization too! Control water through irrigation River floods every September They settled near the river because resources were certainly abundant
A View of Egypt by Satellite
The Fertile Nile Valley
Nile Irrigation-the Shaduf
The Annual Flooding of the Nile
The bigger you get, the more organization you need!!!!
Menes: Unifier of Upper & Lower Egypt c. 3050 B. C. E. ?
Political Organization… Menes (“first ruler”) united Unlike Mesopotamia, they were unified early in their history Power is followed through 30 dynasties…or the 30 different family lineages that ruled Egypt for 2000+ years!
Organized power structure… Ma’at Pharoah Horus Re
Organized power structure… People Pharoah Gods Make him happy now!
Pharoah, how much do we love you????
Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara
“Bent” Pyramid of King Sneferu
Giza Pyramid Complex
Plan of the Great Pyramid of Khufu
The Valley of the Kings
Video on pyramids…
Where was the power centered?
Hieroglyphic “Cartouche”
Hieroglyphics “Alphabet” 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic symbols
Champollion & the Rosetta Stone
Social Organization… “a land of villages”…unlike Mesopotamia Population = 1-1.5 million
Social Organization… Ancient Egypt Mesopotamia King/Pharaoh … high level administrators Professionals, priests, lower level bureaucrats Peasants Free, landowning people Dependent farmers, artisans, merchants slaves
Egyptian Social Hierarchy
Egyptian Nobility
Egyptian Priestly Class
Egyptian Scribe
Women of Ancient Egypt… Subordinate and of the home Marriage rights and choice of husband No formal marriage (law nor ceremony) Divorce and dowry…
An Egyptian Woman’s “Must-Haves” Mirror Perfume Whigs
Egyptian Creation Myth The Goddess Nut
Egyptian Gods & Goddesses: “The Sacred ‘Trinity’” Osiris Isis Horus
Preparations for the Underworld ANUBIS weighs the dead person’s heart against a feather. Priests protected your KA, or soul-spirit
Materials Used in Mummification 1. Linen 6. Natron 2. Sawdust 7. Onion 3. Lichen 8. Nile Mud 4. Beeswax 9. Linen Pads 5. Resin 10. Frankinsense
Preparation for the Afterlife
Queen Tiye, wife of Amenhotep II 1210-1200 B. C. E. Egyptian Mummies Seti I 1291-1278 B. C. E. Ramses II 1279-1212 B. C. E. Queen Tiye, wife of Amenhotep II 1210-1200 B. C. E.
Journey to the Underworld The dead travel on the “Solar Bark.” A boat for the journey is provided for a dead pharaoh in his tomb.
Egyptian Book of the Dead
The Final Judgement Anubis Horus Osiris
Shabtis: The Pharaoh’s Servants in the Afterlife