ABSOLUTISM

Can rule as long as she wants Can only serve for a limited time What Makes a Monarch? ELIZABETH II Inherits Power Can rule as long as she wants OBAMA Elected by the People Can only serve for a limited time

Okay, but what is an ABSOLUTE MONARCH? Unlimited power to rule Divine Right Rules over all people (known as subjects) Answers to no one Laws may by arbitrary Usually supported by upper class (aristocracy) Okay, but what is an ABSOLUTE MONARCH?

How was this possible? The Crusades broke the hold of feudalism Trade re-started, which led to the development of towns and cities People looked to a unifying source for protection of trade The Black Death further destroyed feudalism Kings replaced the nobility as the source of law and protection

Spanish Hapsburg Family

Royal Family Name: Hapsburgs Charles V SPAIN Royal Family Name: Hapsburgs Charles V Rules Spain and the Holy Roman Empire Divides Empire into two parts Philip II Rules over Spain and colonies Spent money Sent Spanish Armada which was defeated by England!

Austrian Hapsburgs

Holy Roman Empire Germany did not yet exist, instead there were many German states creating the Holy Roman Empire With both Protestants and Catholics wanting to be in power, the 30 Years War broke out in 1618. Ferdinand of Austria was the Catholic Holy Roman Emperor In 1648, the Peace of Westphalia ended the war, but the Holy Roman Empire was weakened, and each German state had its own leader Austria emerged as a leading German state

Hohenzollern Family

Prussia Protestant German state Frederick I placed great emphasis on the military Emerged as a direct challenge to Austria

Romanov Family

Royal Family Name: Romanov Ivan the Terrible Centralized power RUSSIA Royal Family Name: Romanov  Ivan the Terrible Centralized power Harsh ruler Personal Police Slaughtered rebellious nobles Destroyed towns suspected of disloyalty     Peter the Great Created largest army in Europe Westernized Russia Built new capital of St. Petersburg

Bourbon Family Louis XIV

FRANCE – THE EPITOME OF ABSOLUTE MONARCHY Royal Family Name: Bourbon Louis XIV – The Sun King Inherits at age 5 in 1643 – rules 72 years Expanded bureaucracy Built Palace of Versailles Organized powerful army

Tudor Monarchs

ENGLAND – LIMITED MONARCHY Royal Family Name: Tudor Henry VIII Divorced wives Started the Church of England Controlled by the Magna Carta Worked well with Parliament Elizabeth I Creates the Elizabethan Age Defeats Spanish Armada England becomes superpower of the time Dies without marrying – no heirs

UT-OH!!!! What will England do?

Stuart Monarchs

Nearest male relative – King of Scotland Roman Catholic The Stuart Monarchs James I – 1603-1625 Nearest male relative – King of Scotland Roman Catholic Believes in Divine Right Conflicts: Parliament (which he dissolved)   Created own taxes   Angered Puritans   Charles I – 1625-1649 (son of James I) Continued absolutist policies Put enemies in jail without trial Imposed very high taxes   Dissolved Parliament Resulted in English Civil War (Puritan Revolution) 1647-1649   Charles executed for treason Oliver Cromwell – leader of the Puritans No one likes him – he’s out in 1658    

More Stuarts

HERE WE GO AGAIN The Restoration: Charles II (son of Charles I) Reigns from 1660-1685 James II – 1685-1688 (brother of Charles II) Catholic Absolutist Attitude Plus – Removed from power

William and Mary

FINALLY – THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION James II’s daughter, Mary, and her husband, William, are invited to rule, providing that: They signed the ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS They agreed to work with Parliament They gave the House of Commons complete financial control Agreed to the right of habeas corpus, which means that you cannot be arrested without knowing why This all resulted in a limited monarchy in England

THE END (at least for now!)