2. Name the term that best completes the sentences to follow!

3. Claiming divine right or authority from _____, leaders such as ________in Spain and _________ in France gained complete authority over their governments and their subjects. 30 points

4. God Phillip II Louis XIV

5. England resisted the establishment of ___________. 10 points

6. Absolutism

7. In the______________, several rulers in Asia and Europe sough to centralize their political power. 20 points

8. 1500s and 1600s

9. After a civil war, England’s ___________enacted a Bill of Rights that limited the English monarch’s powers. 10 points

10. Parliament

11. ________________: Idea that a king gets his authority to rule directly from God. 10 points

12. Divine Right Theory

13. A limited ____________was established in England. 10 points

14. monarchy

15. Parliament and the ____________in England resisted absolutism. 10 points

16. Puritans

17. Monarchs acted to establish__________________. 10 Points

18. absolute power

19. In the 1500s _______was the most powerful nation in Europe. 10 points

20. Spain

21. ____________: Belief that monarchs hold supreme power, and are responsible only to God. 10 points

22. Absolutism

23. While other nations turned to ___________in the 1500s and 1600s, England’s Parliament resisted the throne. 10 points

24. absolutism

25. _____________was the skilled military commander who won the civil war and captured Charles I. 10 points

26. Oliver Cromwell

27. ___________________– a set of acts passed by Parliament to ensure its superiority over the monarchy. 10 points

28. English Bill of Rights

29. ____________________- Granted Protestant dissenters, such as Puritans and Quakers, limited toleration (not for Catholics though). 10 points

30. Toleration Act of 1689

31. The driving force behind Russia’s rise to power was________________. He built the framework for absolute rule in Russia, which would only get worse. 10 points

32. Ivan the Great

33. _______________- a government in which a legislative body limits the monarch’s powers. 10 points

34. Habeas Corpus

35. Name the monarch that best fits the description!

36. ___________ Achievements: Hard-working ruler who ushered in the Golden age of Spain – the most powerful nation. He also helped the Catholic Church persecute Protestants during the Counter- Reformation. Downfalls: Spanish armada defeated by England. After Philip II Spanish powers slowly declined as rulers taxed people too much and spend money on overseas wars. 10 points

37. Phillip II

38. ___________ Achievements: Ruled over Spain, Austria and the Netherlands as Holy Roman Emperor. Downfalls: Large diverse empire with many threats: Turks, French, and German Protestant princes. Exhausted, he gave up his titles and divided his empire in 1556. His brother Ferdinand became Holy Roman Emperor, and his son Philip II ruled Spain, the Netherlands, and the vast Spanish overseas empire. 10 points

39. Charles V

40. _______________ Achievements: Introduced extreme absolute power, expanded Russian lands, made Russia more religious. Downfalls: Set up the first Russian secret police, the Oprichniki, who murdered thousands for him. He killed many nobles and destroyed many towns, and even killed his own son in a fit of rage. 10 points

41. Ivan the Terrible

42. ___________Achievements: Called himself the “Sun King” and said “I am the state.” Strengthened the monarchy, expanded bureaucracy, built palace of Versailles, strongest army in Europe, and made France a wealthy cultural center. Downfalls: He used the wealth for his own benefit, peasants starved, and numerous wars, never called Estates General. The French monarchy would not survive long after Louis’ death. 10 points

43. Louis XIV

44. __________Achievements: Translated the bible, the famous King James Version. Downfalls: Had difficulties with Parliament – he needed money for his wars and extravagant lifestyle. He eventually dissolved Parliament and imposed his own taxes. Fought with the Puritans, who were seeking to purify the Church of England. 10 points

45. James I

46. _____________ Achievements: Westernization, St. Petersburg, modern army, new industries, education, warm water port (Baltic Sea), extended borders, unified the nation, reduced power of nobility, gained control of Russian Orthodox Church. Downfalls: Did not reach Black sea, reforms died with him.

47. Peter the Great

48. ____________ Achievements: Reclaimed Austrian lands, strengthened and unified Austrian monarchy, first woman to rule Hapsburg lands, enlightened despot. Downfalls: War of Austrian succession led to the loss of Silesia, spent much time defending her right to rule.

49. Maria Theresa

50. _______________ : Strong army, seized nations. Downfalls: He put his enemies in prison without trials, high taxes, angered Puritans; he dissolved Parliament and had to call them back because he needed the money. This led to the English Civil War. He was put on trial and beheaded by Parliament in 1649. 10 points

51. Charles I

52. ________________ Achievements: Seized Austrian lands, disciplined, strong army, and enlightened despot. Downfalls: Badly treated and fled the country. 10 points

53. Fredrick the Great

54. ____________ Achievements: Was asked to take the throne after several years of Puritan rule. He reopened theatres, dancing, and music. Downfalls: Obeyed Parliament, limited monarchy, limited power. 10 points

55. Charles II