Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Intro Video: http://www.neok12.com/php/watch.php?v=zX787d585f475a015b5c7c06&t=Photosynthesis

Autotrophs: Organisms that use light energy to produce food Ex: plants and some microorganisms (some bacteria and protists)

Heterotrops: Organisms that CANNOT use the sun’s energy to make food Ex: animals and most microorganisms

Cells usable source of energy is called ATP Cell Energy: Cells usable source of energy is called ATP ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate Adenine Ribose 3 Phosphate groups

ADP stands for adenosine diphosphate Adenine Ribose 2 Phosphate groups

All energy is stored in the bonds of compounds—breaking the bond releases the energy To store energy: Add a bond by adding a phosphate group to ADP, producing ATP

To use energy: Break bond in ATP and convert into ADP releases energy for cellular processes.

Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis is the process by which the energy of sunlight is converted into glucose

Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plants

Chlorophyll is the pigment inside the chloroplast the absorbs light for photosynthesis As the chlorophyll in leaves decays in the autumn, the green color fades and is replaced by the oranges and reds of carotenoids. Factors affecting photosynthesis???

General formula for photosynthesis: sunlight carbon dioxide + water —> glucose + oxygen sunlight CO2 + H2O —> C6H12O6 + O2

Reactants Diagram H2O CO2 Light Chloroplast C6H12O6 Glucose O2 ATP NADPH Chloroplast C6H12O6 Glucose O2 Products

Cellular Respiration: (2 kinds—Aerobic and Anaerobic) Cellular respiration is the process by which the energy of glucose is released in the cell to be used for life processes (movement, breathing, blood circulation, etc…)

Respiration occurs in in the mitochondria of ALL cells and can take place either with or without oxygen present.

2 Types of Cellular Respiration Aerobic: oxygen available Anaerobic: no oxygen available

Aerobic Respiration: Total of 38 ATP molecules produced Requires oxygen Occurs in the mitochondria of the cell

Summary: 3 steps: 1st glycolysis (cytoplasm) makes 2 ATP 2nd Krebs cycle (mitochondria) 3rd Electron Transport Chain (mitochondria) makes 34 ATP

Electron Transport Chain Diagram: Cellular Respiration Mitochondria In Cytoplasm Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Glucose Glycolysis 2 2 34

Trivia Question? Prokaryotes still require energy BUT don’t have mitochondria (no organelles). SO how do they get ATP/energy???

Anaerobic Respiration or Fermentation: used when no oxygen is available to the cell Mostly unicellular organisms (low energy requirement) Goes through glycolysis and makes 2 ATP (in cytoplasm) 2 kinds: Alcoholic Fermentation and Lactic Acid Fermentation

Photosynthesis and Respiration Products of one reaction are the reactants of the other (and vice versa)

Importance of ATP! ALL organisms release ATP 2. ATP powers the activities of the cell 3. ATP/ADP is a cycle 4. ATP is used to actively transport material across the cell membrane