In this Unit… Big Ideas: Key topics: Cold War – what, when, why, doctrines, impact Cold War basics - what, when, why, impact Cold War propaganda & USSR/US ideas about one another Berlin Airlift Korean War Propaganda How the Cold War led to American interventions abroad (Berlin, Korea, Guatemala, etc.) McCarthyism Guatemala Space Race How the Cold War led to changes at home Arms Race Cuban Missile Crisis

Intro to the cold war

The Cold War Major tensions between America and the Soviet Union erupt into what is known as “The Cold War”

The History: Soviet Union & U.S. History of tensions between Soviet Union and U.S. In the Russian Revolution of 1917, Russia became a communist country America had supported the anti-communist resistance Disagreements over tactics U.S. didn’t like that Stalin had initially signed a non-aggression pact with Hitler Soviets didn’t like that the Allies hadn’t helped in Europe sooner At the end of WWII…tensions rising between the countries

Yalta & Potsdam Conferences Then Yalta & Potsdam Conferences Disagreements over: The future of Europe The post-war goals of each country The division of conquered lands in Europe Yalta Potsdam

The Cold War Definition: A state of military tension, economic competition, political conflict and proxy wars between the U.S. and U.S.S.R. Divided the world into two sides Just a few of the results: Korean War Berlin Wall Vietnam War Nuclear arms race

How America sees the U.S.S.R. How the U.S.S.R. sees America

Why? After WWII, the United States wanted democratic elections in Eastern Europe The Soviet Union wanted a buffer zone of friendly (Communist) countries in Eastern Europe To protect it from future attacks from the West.

Soviet Control Even before World War II ended, the Soviet Union had taken over the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania and parts of Czechoslovakia, Finland, Poland, and Romania.

As tensions escalated… Stalin predicted that Communism would triumph over Capitalism

Causes of the Cold War 1. Competition for power and security 2. Mutual distrust 3. Competing ideologies

England’s Prime Minister Winston Churchill: “A shadow has fallen upon the scenes so lately lighted by the Allied victory…From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent.” This divided Europe into two zones, one Communist, one Capitalistic.

Churchill’s Speech

Directions: Sketch on your map Label the iron curtain Label which side is Communist and which side is Capitalist

The Soviet Union after WWII

Stalin’s Response to the Iron Curtain Speech As a result of the German invasion, the Soviet Union has lost about 7,000,000 people. In other words, the Soviet Union has lost in men several times more than Britain and the United States together. Therefore, what can be surprising in the fact that the Soviet Union, in a desire to ensure its security for the future, tries to achieve that these countries should have governments whose relations to the Soviet Union are loyal? Summarize: What does he think?

What is a Contagion? a : rapid communication of an influence (as a doctrine or emotional state) b : an influence that spreads rapidly

The Long Telegram & Containment George Keenan declared that America needed to contain Communism and keep it from spreading This policy was adopted by the U.S. and became known as Containment

Two different approaches: 1. Militaristic approach The Truman Doctrine Help supply/arm countries that wanted to fight communism 2. Economic approach The Marshall Plan Give countries $ if they became stable democracies

The Truman Doctrine Truman issued the Truman Doctrine, which declared that America would send money to any countries that wanted to fight Communist takeover. First up: Greece and Turkey America gave them $400 million & set up military bases in both countries

The Truman Doctrine Truman: “Nearly every nation must choose between alternative ways of life. The choice is too often not a free one. One way of life is based upon the will of the majority…the second way of life is based up the will of a minority forcibly imposed on the majority…it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation [conquest]…by outside pressures.” What is Truman saying? How does this make Communism sound?

The Marshall Plan Intended to help war-torn countries rebuild so that they would become stable democracies Support program of financial aid to these countries U.S. gave $13 billion to 17 countries Soviet Union said America was trying to “buy its way” into European affairs

Preview: Division of Germany Note how Germany was provided On your paper, predict: How might this lead to tensions?

Read Now read more about the origins of the Cold War and Containment What you don’t finish is HW

Berlin Airlift Stalin blocked Allied access to West Berlin This created a shortage of food/goods Truman didn’t want war but didn’t want to give up West Berlin Flew in supplies – 13,000 tons of food daily at the height

Berlin Airlift Ends In 1949, Stalin gave up the blockade on West Berlin But Berlin remained a focal point of conflict between the two sides of the Cold War (Berlin Wall goes up from 1961 to 1989 to keep East Berlin and West Berlin separated)

Step 2: Partner Drawing Create a poster that explains the following concepts. Each idea must include a graphic or picture! The Cold War The causes of the Cold War The iron curtain Containment The Truman Doctrine The Marshall Plan The Berlin Airlift Soviet Flag