What is Checks and Balances? Thursday 2/1/18 What is Checks and Balances? Warm up Part 2: Rise & Fall of the Republic notes Materials: -pencil -note taking sheet Objectives: -Today you will look at the factors behind the rise and the fall of the Roman Republic.

Part 2: Rise & Fall of the Republic EQ: What were the factors behind the rise and the fall of the Roman Republic?

Rome was protected by an advanced army of professional soldiers The Roman Military Rome was protected by an advanced army of professional soldiers The Roman Army In addition to their government, the Romans placed great value on their military. All citizens who owned land were required to serve in the army. Seekers of certain public offices had to perform ten years of military service. Roman soldiers were organized into large military units called legions. The Roman legion was made up of some 5,000 heavily armed foot soldiers (infantry). A group of soldiers on horseback (cavalry) supported each legion. Legions were divided into smaller groups of 80 men, each of which was called a century. The military organization and fighting skill of the Roman army were key factors in Rome’s rise to greatness.

The Roman Military Rome had the largest army in the Mediterranean at the time; it was also highly organized The Roman soldiers were divided into groups of 5,000 men called legions The highly organized command structure ensured that legions could be rapidly deployed against the enemy The Roman Army In addition to their government, the Romans placed great value on their military. All citizens who owned land were required to serve in the army. Seekers of certain public offices had to perform ten years of military service. Roman soldiers were organized into large military units called legions. The Roman legion was made up of some 5,000 heavily armed foot soldiers (infantry). A group of soldiers on horseback (cavalry) supported each legion. Legions were divided into smaller groups of 80 men, each of which was called a century. The military organization and fighting skill of the Roman army were key factors in Rome’s rise to greatness.

Each legion was divided into smaller groups of 80 men (called centuries) commanded by elite soldiers called centurions

Armor video

Advances in military technology (such as catapults) allowed the Roman soldiers to not only defend the Rome's territory, but to expand it

THE PUNIC WARS All this military experience, training would lead them to this The Romans went to war with a neighboring kingdom, Carthage (northern Africa)

THE PUNIC WARS The Carthaginians engaged the Romans in three long wars over the course of about 100 years

Started from a dispute over who should control Sicily 3 Wars

THE PUNIC WARS Carthage: Led by the general Hannibal. Nearly defeated the Romans in the second war; they invaded the Italian peninsula and almost captured Rome

Hannibal’s Route Europe Mediterranean Sea Africa

THE PUNIC WARS The Romans held the Carthaginians off, then completely destroyed Carthage in their third war

THE PUNIC WARS With Carthage’s defeat, the Romans were then the most dominant power in the Mediterranean

New problems would for the Romans Controlling this massive territory, though, Examples of problems that could occur? ROMAN TERRITORY

PROBLEMS IN THE ROMAN REPUBLIC Rome’s expanding territory brought wealth, but also brought issues: The new lands brought more slaves, which created a job shortage for Roman citizens Generals who controlled the army became more powerful

PROBLEMS IN THE ROMAN REPUBLIC Rome’s expanding territory brought wealth, but also brought issues: People flocked to the big cities from farms, which created food supply shortages Struggles for power led to a series of civil wars between Romans

JULIUS CAESAR From the turmoil within the Roman Republic, a new political leader emerged: a general named Julius Caesar Caesar was cornered and stabbed to death in the Roman Senate building, which began the end of the Roman Republic

The death of Caesar led to another civil war led by Caesar’s adopted son Octavian and his best general, Marc Antony

FROM ROMAN REPUBLIC TO ROMAN EMPIRE Julius Caesar’s death changed Rome; the people no longer trusted the Senate to rule the Roman Republic

FROM ROMAN REPUBLIC TO ROMAN EMPIRE Octavian soon became undisputed ruler of Rome, renaming himself Augustus Caesar “Augustus” means “exalted one”; Julius Caesars last name became the title for “emperor”

FROM ROMAN REPUBLIC TO ROMAN EMPIRE Augustus did away with the Senators power, eventually ending the Republic of Rome and becoming Rome’s first emperor The Senate still met, but the emperor had all of the real power

Would you rather live during the Roman Republic or the Empire Would you rather live during the Roman Republic or the Empire? Provide at least 3 reasons why

THE PAX ROMANA Find the definition for the word Pax Romana in your textbook and raise your hand, first person wins a prize

THE PAX ROMANA Pax Romana Augustus’ 41 year reign marked the beginning of a 207-year era of peace, wealth, and expansion called “Pax Romana” from 27 BC to 180 AD The Empire was over 3 million square miles in size and contained about 80 million people Pax Romana

CONCLUSIONS Rome began as a Republic but later became an Empire The Roman Republic gained power through conquering other lands The Roman Republic ended when powerful leaders gained control of the government…such as Julius Caesar