Health, Wellness, Fitness, and Healthy Lifestyles

What is Health? Optimal well-being that contributes to one’s quality of life. It is more than freedom from disease! Optimal health includes wellness in many different aspects.

What is Quality of Life? Those with quality of life can enjoyably do the activities of life with little or no limitation. Functioning independently.

Achieving Wellness Wellness is the product of healthy lifestyles just like fitness is the product of regular exercise Wellness reflects how one feels about life as well as one’s ability to function effectively Wellness is the product of a healthy lifestyle. If you do the process, the product follows. The next slide shows some of the important lifestyles for optimal wellness. The development of a system that allows a person to perceive the self positively is important. Of course, the adoption of positive lifestyles that encourage improved self-perceptions is also important. It is important for you to assess your self-perceptions of the various wellness dimensions. For optimal wellness, it is important to find positive feelings about each dimension. 10

Physical Fitness Body’s ability to function efficiently and effectively. Consists of: 5 health-related fitness components 6 skill-related components (aka sports fitness or motor fitness) 2 non-performance components Metabolic fitness Bone integrity Health-Related Fitness Components (on Next Slide): Cardiovascular Fitness, Muscular Strength & Endurance, Body Composition, & Flexibility Skill-Related Fitness Components (also referred to as sports fitness or motor fitness) (on Future Slide): Power, Speed, Reaction Time, Coordination, Balance, and Agility Non-Performance Components: Metabolic Fitness & Bone Integrity Physical fitness is a combination of several aspects, rather than a single characteristic. A fit person possesses at least adequate levels of each of the health-related, skill-related, and metabolic fitness components. Some relationships exist among various fitness characteristics, but each of the components of physical fitness is separate and different from the others. For example, people who possess exceptional strength may not have good cardiovascular fitness, and those who have good coordination do not necessarily possess good flexibility.

Health-Related Physical Fitness Cardiovascular endurance Muscular endurance Muscular strength Flexibility Body composition There are 5 dimensions of health related fitness. Here are some examples of how each of the dimensions may relate to health: Cardiovascular: decrease CHD risk MS and ME: decrease risk of osteoporosis, back pain Flex: reduced risk of musculoskeletal injuries, back pain Body Comp: reduced risk of diabetes, hypertension, CHD 7

Skill-Related Physical Fitness Agility Balance Coordination Speed Power Reaction time There are 6 dimensions of Skill Related Fitness. Try to think back to the types of fitness testing you did in grade school. Most likely it included primarily SRF tests (shuttle run, softball throw, 50 yd dash etc.) Why do you think we have shifted to a focus on health related fitness? 1. less genetically determined (all people can improve) 2. more related to health and wellness rather than performance 8

Need for Fitness Effective work Good health Face emergencies Enjoyable leisure Value of fitness Look good Feel good Enjoy life Be healthy This slide summarizes why fitness is needed. It improves our work ability, improves our health, helps us to meet emergencies and increases our potential for rewarding leisure activities. All of these contribute to improving our quality of life. You can also see the value of fitness. 8 3

What is life expectancy? Life expectancy is a statistical measure of the average time one is expected to live, based on the year of their birth, their current age and other demographic factors including sex.

Healthy Vs Unhealthy Lifespan Total Lifespan (~78.8 years)

Healthy Life Expectancy for North America As illustrated in this Figure, life expectancy in North America is related to the country in which you live, with Canadians living the longest and Mexicans having the lowest life expectancy. In the U.S., as well as in Canada and Mexico, women have a greater life expectancy than men, though men typically have fewer unhealthy years. 11

Increasing Span of Healthy Life Over the past two centuries, the average life expectancy in America has increased by 60%. Why might this be?

Major Causes of Death in the US 1900 Pneumonia Tuberculosis Diarrhea/Enteritis Heart Disease Stroke Current Rank Heart Disease Cancer Chronic lower respiratory disease Stroke Diabetes

Major Causes of Death in the US The actual causes of many premature deaths are due to unhealthy lifestyles. Tobacco use 18.1% Inactivity/poor diet 16.6% Alcohol consumption 3.5% Motor vehicles 1.8% Firearms 1.2%

Unhealthy Lifestyle can knock 23 years off your life Heart disease Stroke Type 2 diabetes