Before we start: A quick check… Are you wearing your lanyards?

Nationality and Ethnicity Often times nationality can be determined by place of residence, ethnicity, or national identity. People born in Wales are called Welsh or British and can say that they live in Wales, Britain and/or the UK. Most people in Wales will say they are Welsh rather than British.

Last lesson recap! Let’s look at it again

Compulsory core: Lesson 10/12 GCSE Sociology Compulsory core: Lesson 10/12 What is social identity? What am I going to learn? To recap social identity Objectives of the lesson are: To recap last lessons key words.

What is identity? A sense of who you are according to the groups you belong to. Identity can be seen to be when people chose to wear certain clothes that are like a uniform. This tells the rest of the world who they are and what matters to them. It is part of their identity.

Status Some identities are respected. This respect is known as status. People who are given respect have high status. Police officers show their identity by wearing a uniform. When they wear that uniform, they expect respect and have high status

Professionalism A profession is a job that requires special training E.g. Doctors belong to a profession because they have to learn special skills for their work

Word Match Check your understanding A) The term used to describe the respect that others give you Status 01 B) The term used to describe a category into which we put other people using simple characteristics Stereotype 02 C) The expected behaviour for a particular social situation Role 03 D) People are given a label and then treated as though it were true Labelling theory 04 E) The sense of who you are according to the groups you belong to? Identity 05

Matching task: Answers Key words Explanation with examples Status Respect others give you Stereotypes A category into which we put other people according to some simple characteristics Labelling theory People are given a label by other people and then treated as though it were true Roles Expected behaviour for a social situation Identity A sense of who we are in relation to others Gender Differences in social roles of males and females 3 minutes

Compulsory core: Lesson 11/12 GCSE Sociology Ethnic identity Compulsory core: Lesson 11/12 What am I going to learn? To understand how children learn their ethnic identity Objectives of the lesson are: To recognise and give an example of the term ethnic identity and nationality To identify and give an example of how parents teach ethnicity to their children To recognise and explain one way in which ethnic identity can be taught through secondary socialisation

Nationality The country were we are born gives us our nationality. Definition - Legal citizenship of a country with the right to have a passport and vote

Ethnicity (ethnic identity) Is a sense of belonging to a particular group or place Children need to be taught that they belong to a particular social group and to take pride in their cultural background.

How children learn ethnic identity? Lifelong process of socialisation Learn cultural background through festivals and traditions Born as human being Home Different ethnicities have festivals and traditions that they take part in. children from ethnic minorities have advantage of speaking different language in home from that used in school. School Schools important for teaching cultural identity, e.g. in Wales all children learn some welsh language. Many ethnic groups have their own schools where they teach religion, language and cultural traditions. Sport & Leisure Sport significant way of teaching ethnicity. Some ethnicities associated with particular sports, in Wales rugby is a big part of their tradition Religion Children may be taught a religion. EG many sociologists have found that Muslim children feel that their religion is central to their sense of who they are and Islam is a guide on how to live. This will be part of home/family life. Mass media Media show national sporting events on TV so many people will make an effort to watch international matches and fixtures. Some TV shows show negative stereotypes / images of ethnicities. EG afro Caribbean’s to be criminals.

Question: Using the information: Explain two ways parents may teach ethnicity to their children Outline and explain one other way that ethnic identity can be taught to children through secondary socialisation

Explain two ways parents may teach ethnicity to their children Parents may teach their children about festivals and traditions, which they may then take part in. For example in China they celebrate the Lantern Festival. The Lantern Festival is a Chinese festival. It marks the final day of the traditional Chinese New Year celebrations. Parents may also speak another language at home from that used in school. Explain two ways parents may teach ethnicity to their children

Secondary socialisation teaches children cultural rules Secondary socialisation teaches children cultural rules. Schools are important for teaching ethnic identity, for example in Wales, all children learn some welsh language. Many ethnic groups have their own schools where they teach religion, language and cultural traditions. Outline and explain one other way that ethnic identity can be taught to children through secondary socialisation

Homework: Make some notes on the agencies of socialisation: Family - what is the role of the family as an agency of socialisation? How do families socialise children? Keywords: sanctions, approval positive and negative sanctions Media - How many people are influenced by the media? How do the media act as an agency of social control? Keywords: stereotypes, representations Schools- how do schools act as an agency of social control? Keywords- formal curriculum, national curriculum, agency of control, hidden curriculum, formal socialisation Sport - how does sport influence they way we see ourselves? Keywords- sporting values, role models, sports and identity. Work - how are adults socialised by work? Keywords: Resocialisation, professionalism, code of conduct Peer groups- how are we affected by our peer groups? Keywords- peer groups and young children, peer groups and older children, peer groups peer pressure, the process of peer pressure, positive and negative peer groups pressure.

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True or False The family teaches us an agent of primary socialisation. The family and the mass media are the only agents of socialisation which teach us norms and values. Marxist argue that socialisation is the process by which people are taught to be obedient. Feminist say that the family and mass media benefit the ruling classes. Functionalists argue that gender socialisation is used to oppress women. Functionalist argue that the correct socialisation of children leads to a value consensus.

Family as an agent of socialisation How the family Socialises Families are the key agent of primary socialisation, teaching young children the skills and behaviour necessary to live in society. Parents are often seen a role models, as children at this young age tend to accept without question the norms and values presented to them. A famous study that looked at the role of the family in terms of socialisation was conducted by Ann Oakley. She found that children were clearly being taught how to be girls and boys by their parents through a number of different means. Manipulation – the way parents will encourage certain behaviour seen as normal fir either a girls or boy, and discourage any behaviour associated with the opposite sex, for example girls are encourage to play with dolls and boys will not. Canalisation – this is when parents push their children into either male or female roles. This is typically done through toys. Fir example little girls playing with toys and kitchens preparing them for their future role of cooking for the family. Also the names that parents give their children such as, ‘little princess’ and ‘brave little soldier’. Other agents of socialisation There are many other agents of socialisation such as Media, Education and the work place. All these institution teach us the difference between correct and incorrect behaviour. In fact there are things that some students learn about the culture of society that they do not learn from their family, this could be particularly true for some first generation immigrants. The Feral Child Oxana Malaya was born in November 4, 1983, in Novaya Blagoveschenka, Ukraine. She spent her life living with dogs. Rejected by her mother and father, she somehow lived for 6 years, eating raw meat, walking on all fours, barking and sleeping in a kennel, before being taken into care. Her Parents were alcoholics, and when she was just three, they locked her out of the house, so the three year old crawled into the dog kennel looking for warmth. And since then, she relied on the dogs warmth to keep her alive. Since Oxana's discovery, Scientists have looked for clues in a handful of other recorded cases of feral children, in their efforts to make her human again. Oxana is now 28 and making an astonishing recovery. The dark side of the family Many sociologists have highlighted that all is not well within the family since there is a well documented and well published set of statistics that would seem to indicate that domestic violence is on the increase. Domestic violence in all about power and control in the family. It is not just physical abuse it is also mental, psychological, emotional and also the implied threat of violence. According the office of national statistics 26% of woman and 17% of are victims of domestic violence.

Media as an agent of socialisation How the media Socialises Media products are increasingly important parts of modern life and so are thought to have a lot of influence over us when it comes to learning our current culture. You don’t have to look very far when it come to just how far to see how important the media is when it comes to our socialisation.. Through studies of film, television, books, music and video games, there is overwhelming evidence that certain groups are treated differently in their presentations in the media. Many sociologist argue that as a results those groups are then treated differently in society. The media does this in different ways : Distortion – information passes through a filter, and roles are changes to give us a certain view. Repetition – the constant bombardment of the audience with one type of image makes the image seem normal. Socialisation – through the media we discover the desirable norms and values; otherwise known as norm setting Invisibility – not seeing certain roles makes them seem abnormal, for example househusbands. Role models – faced with famous examples of roles, we imitate them, hoping to gain their lifestyles. The media and gender the media in the 1950s and 70s is said to have stereotyped woman's roles. However more recent debates whether the media still does stereotypes women in the same way. Video games Video games have clear gender stereotypes. Provenzo (1991) did a study of video games and concluded that woman are often not named merely being someone’s girlfriend or princess. He also found that games were generally macho. However, many argue that video games do not always stick to stereotypical views of gender group for example the character in Tomb Raider is not a stereotype of femininity. Music lyrics Music is another form of media that shows gender bias. Images of women are often sexist and sexual and images of men of often aggressive and predatory. These images provide role models and then become a form of secondary socialisation. Magazines Ferguson research women’s magazines and found a ‘cult of femininity’. She described this as a set of instructions on the norms and values of being a woman. Men magazines on the other hand contained articles on cars and other gadgets. Rarely do you find content on how to fox cars in girls magazines. However, many people might argue that there have been many equal opportunity laws passed which are reflected in the media and therefore you are less likely to have stereotypical views of gender groups portrayed in the media. For example the equal marriage act in 2014 has meant you are more likely to see lesbian couples on the media e.g. EastEnders.

Agents of socialisation The mass media does socialise into gender identity . The mass media doesn’t socialise people into gender identity. The family is the most effective agent of socialisation. The family isn't the most effective agent of socialisation. Point Example Challenge: Can you come up with another point? And another example? Task: Complete this table using what you have learnt and if you need help refer to handout 10 minutes