1. Before we start: A quick check…
Are you wearing your lanyards?

2. Key questions raised last lesson…
Are criminals born or made?

3. Explanations of crime and deviance
BIOLOGICAL
PHYSIOLOGICAL - CESARE LOMBROSSO
PSYCHOLOGICAL –
HANS EYSENCK
SOCIOLOGICAL
FUNCTIONALISM
MARXISM
INTERACTIONISM
FEMINISM

6. A bit if theory for you…
Before we move on…

7. Interactionists
Looks at smaller scale social interactions between individuals or small social groups
Does not consider the ‘big picture’
All behaviour is based on what we think about others and what they might (or might not) think of us!
Howard Becker – Interactionist sociologist, conducted a study called ‘Outsiders’. He believed it gaining a negative label did impact on people but that people have a choice to accept it or not.

8. Response
If a negative response is received it may be believed. They in turn accept that view as true…

9. Labelling Theory
Sees individuals as influenced by the labels other people give us. E.g. If a person is labelled a ‘thief, they may live up to that label. This is called self-fulfilling prophecy

10. Now have a go at Task 1 - True or False quiz on your worksheet

11. GCSE Sociology – Wednesday 19th April 2017
Lesson 19:
Learning Aim:
To understand the links between social class, gender, ethnicity and crime
GCSE Sociology – Wednesday 19th April 2017

12. Learning Objectives…All students
Define and give an example of cultural and material deprivation
Explain how Marxism views crime and the working class
Define and give an example of the norms of masculinity
Define and give an example of the demonisation of women
As a recap - Define key terms of ethnic minorities, racism, immigration and victiminisation

13. Some students will:
Make clear connections with class, gender and ethnicity when discussing how social class is linked to crime (essay question)

14. Starter
Make a list of typical male and female crimes. Are there any similaries of differences? Are there more offences for males and females?

15. So…who commits more crime?
Men?
Those in poverty?
Working class?
Young people?

16. Conviction rates by gender
More males commit crime than women – 5% of prison population is female
Women tend to commit crimes such as shop lifting

17. Social Class and crime rates
Young, working class males more likely to be prosecuted, convicted and sent to prison. Why?
Failure in education
Low status - it could be because of cultural and material deprivation….who remembers what these mean?
What issue is there with conviction rates….we know that white collar crime is less likely to reported

18. What can you remember about Marxism
What can you remember about Marxism? How do they see the police and the judiciary? Who is in control in society…?
Police more likely to focus on working class crime – this is linked to street crime and youth crime
Law courts are middle class institutions – favour the middle class
Laws protect the rich and property

19. Victimisation
Working class actually more likely to be victims of violent crime and burglary

20. Why do women commit less crime then men?
Socialisation (Feminist argument)– girls expected to be more passive, boys expected to be tough
Norms of masculinity – have been blamed for higher rates
Opportunity – Girls tend to be more closely supervised (protected). Boys given more freedom to explore
Biology – Are boys more susceptible to testosterone and aggression?
However…its been argued that this is changing…

21. Ladette culture A set of norms which encourages some girls to behave like men

22. Chivalry Factor Is the way that women are treated more favourably by the courts

23. Demonisation of women
Is the way that women who commit certain crimes, which go against the caring nature of females, are presented by the media

24. Bias against women

25. Starter - discussion
How is ethnicity linked to crime?

26. Ethnicity and conviction rates
Ethnic minority group are over represented in the prison population
This would seem to suggest that ethnic minorities are more likely to commit crime.
However, we know that nothing is that straight forward in sociology or society!

27. Why is crime committed by ethnic minorities more likely to be detected?

28. Is racism the reason for higher conviction rates?
Could racism be the reason for higher conviction rates?
Paul Gilroy argued that the police are racist. The police have had a troubled relationship with some ethnic communities since 1970s
The Stephen Lawrence case highlighted the issue of police racism in the 1990s
Do you remember institutional racism. The Macpherson Report?

29. Are stereotypes to blames for conviction rates
Do ethnic minorities suffer from labelling by the police and courts?
Are moral panics to blame? The issue of immigration and the negativity that surrounds it. Consider the media representation of immigration
Ethnic minority groups are often victims of crime – live in poorer areas, more risk of poverty and crime.

31. Lesson 20: Official statistics and crime

32. GCSE Sociology – Thursday 20th April 2017
Lesson 20:
Learning Aim:
To understand why sociologist treat official statistics on crime cautiously
GCSE Sociology – Thursday 20th April 2017

33. Is crime getting worse?

34. Official statistics and crime
In recent years the trend has been to show crime rates falling overall. A the same time public feeling may be that crime is getting worse. This may be because tabloid newspapers tend to focus on the sensational

35. Where do official statistics come from?

36. The main source of statistics is from crimes reported to the police
The main source of statistics is from crimes reported to the police! They also then need to be recorded by the police in order to appear in official statistics
Sociologists argue that crime statistics are socially constructed

37. Why do the government ask the police to collect official statistics on crime?

38. Reported crimes
The government need these to decide where to target police resources in the future. The police want to show the public they are doing a good job in reducing crime.

39. Why are some crimes not reported?

40. Unreported crime Some crimes may not be seen as serious by the victim
They may believe the police wont do anything
Victims may be scared to tell the police
Crimes might be stressful for victim – sexual assault

41. Problems with the way that crime is recorded
When a crime is reported the police have to record it for it to be counted
Since the 1990s, Police forces are under pressure to hit targets and reduce crime – they are judged on this!

42. Task 1: How might the following affect official statistics on crime?
Institutional racism
Ageism
Chivalry factor
Moral panics
Labelling
And any other sociological ideas you can think of

43. Task 2:
What would Marxism, Interactionism, Feminism and Functioanlism say about official statistics on crime?