Where are we? Time of unprecedented growth Time of unprecedented growth Fiscal pressure are extraordinary Fiscal pressure are extraordinary Political involvement is increasing Political involvement is increasing Community involvement and concern are increasing Community involvement and concern are increasing

Hot Ticket Issues…. Expectation of exceptional Leadership and depth of knowledge Expectation of exceptional Leadership and depth of knowledge Increased focus on Jails for solutions Increased focus on Jails for solutions Budget and fiscal matters will become even more difficult Budget and fiscal matters will become even more difficult Reentry will be required in every local system Reentry will be required in every local system Staffing and retention Staffing and retention Push to be data driven Push to be data driven Length of stay can no longer be an excuse to not attempt to program Length of stay can no longer be an excuse to not attempt to program Privatization and vendor issues are becoming more complicated Privatization and vendor issues are becoming more complicated More involvement by the courts More involvement by the courts Keep separate/gang issues Keep separate/gang issues

Traditional ways we look to fill budget gaps wont begin to get us there Federal revenue is going to be harder to come by Federal revenue is going to be harder to come by Reallocation to the inmates families is only going to take you so far Reallocation to the inmates families is only going to take you so far Phone revenues are at the tipping point and beyond Phone revenues are at the tipping point and beyond Commissary revenues are in the same condition Commissary revenues are in the same condition Go too far, legal problems!

What Ive heard in the past two days …..(AJA Conference 2010) I cut 124 officers Christmas eve I cut 124 officers Christmas eve I was directed to reduce the budget 33% I was directed to reduce the budget 33% I have cut 5.3 million in the last 12 months. It just keeps coming I have cut 5.3 million in the last 12 months. It just keeps coming All my programs are gone. Inmates are watching TV and staff are waiting for the next fight. All my programs are gone. Inmates are watching TV and staff are waiting for the next fight. Im charging inmates for everything and collecting nothing Im charging inmates for everything and collecting nothing

Strategic Thinking Ability to recognize relationships, complexities, implications of situations, anticipate possibilities and plan what to do. An attempt to formulate a best guess about the future. What skill do you believe is most important for you to have moving forward?

Correctional Fact Sheet Bureau of Justice Statistics Council of Governments

Jail Facilities in the United States At midyear 2008, 785,556 inmates were held in the nation's local jails, up from 780,174 at midyear 2007 At midyear 2008, 785,556 inmates were held in the nation's local jails, up from 780,174 at midyear 2007 June 2009, 2.3 % decline (17,936) first decline since 1982 June 2009, 2.3 % decline (17,936) first decline since 1982 In 2008, jails reported adding 14,911 beds during the previous 12 months, bringing the total rated capacity to 828, we added another 2.6 % to 849,544 In 2008, jails reported adding 14,911 beds during the previous 12 months, bringing the total rated capacity to 828, we added another 2.6 % to 849,544 95% of the rated capacity was occupied at midyear % of the rated capacity was occupied at midyear , 90.4 % of space occupied 2009, 90.4 % of space occupied

June 2009, we supervised 70,000 inmates outside the walls 11,800 on electronic monitoring 11,800 on electronic monitoring 11,200 serving weekends 11,200 serving weekends 17,700 Alternative community labor 17,700 Alternative community labor 12,400 Pretrial release 12,400 Pretrial release

Populations are more violent and transitional Populations are more violent and transitional 87.1% are males, 43% are white males, 39% are black males and 16% are Hispanic 87.1% are males, 43% are white males, 39% are black males and 16% are Hispanic 1100 jails of 3300 have fewer than 50 open beds! 1100 jails of 3300 have fewer than 50 open beds! 50% are held for a violent or a drug offense 50% are held for a violent or a drug offense 46% are on probation or parole upon re-admission 46% are on probation or parole upon re-admission 1 of every 133 US residents in in jail or prison at mid- year of every 133 US residents in in jail or prison at mid- year 2007 ICE detainees increased from 19, 528 to 27,634 in 2006 or by 41.3% ICE detainees increased from 19, 528 to 27,634 in 2006 or by 41.3% 50 jurisdictions house 29.5% of all jail inmates! 50 jurisdictions house 29.5% of all jail inmates! 6% of jurisdictions house an ADP of 1000 or more (173 jail systems) 6% of jurisdictions house an ADP of 1000 or more (173 jail systems)

Special needs of inmates remain challenge for jail management A third report regular use of cocaine/crack; 1 in 8 heroin or other opiates A third report regular use of cocaine/crack; 1 in 8 heroin or other opiates 47% of women and 13% of men report past physical/sexual abuse 47% of women and 13% of men report past physical/sexual abuse 16% history of mental illness; 10% of males and 16% of females received services 16% history of mental illness; 10% of males and 16% of females received services A third report having medical problem needing medical attention since admission A third report having medical problem needing medical attention since admission

Other challenges……... 14% of jail inmates reported being homeless, living in shelter or on street in last year 14% of jail inmates reported being homeless, living in shelter or on street in last year 29% of inmates unemployed; 18% only occasional employment 29% of inmates unemployed; 18% only occasional employment 46% report a family member ever incarcerated; 31% a brother;19% a father 46% report a family member ever incarcerated; 31% a brother;19% a father 31% report parent abusing alcohol/drugs will growing up 31% report parent abusing alcohol/drugs will growing up 44% from single parent household; 13% from households missing both parents 44% from single parent household; 13% from households missing both parents

June 30 th, 2002 the incarcerated population in the U.S. reached 2 million for the first time in history June 30 th, 2002 the incarcerated population in the U.S. reached 2 million for the first time in history June 30 th ,245,189 June 30 th ,245,189 Largest increase in incarceration since 1999 Largest increase in incarceration since % or 205,958 of that growth was in State facilities 84% or 205,958 of that growth was in State facilities

Over 10,000 incarcerated in adult facilities were juveniles Over 10,000 incarcerated in adult facilities were juveniles June 30 th, 2006 Juvenile incarceration has decreased by almost 20% June 30 th, 2006 Juvenile incarceration has decreased by almost 20% Privately operated facilities were down 6.1% Privately operated facilities were down 6.1% June 30 th, 2006 privatization is up 20% (primarily in State and Federal systems) June 30 th, 2006 privatization is up 20% (primarily in State and Federal systems) Female population rose at a faster rate than male inmates Female population rose at a faster rate than male inmates June 30 th, 2006 This trend continues June 30 th, 2006 This trend continues

Realities Where Are We Now? How are we doing? Mid-Year Million incarcerated (Beck, U.S. Dept. of Justice) Mid-Year Million incarcerated (Beck, U.S. Dept. of Justice) Sanctions Overall (Probation, Parole, Jail, Prison) Sanctions Overall (Probation, Parole, Jail, Prison) 1,842,100 (1980) 1,842,100 (1980) 6,467,200 (2001) 6,467,200 (2001) 7,000,000 + (2008) 7,000,000 + (2008) 7,600,000 (2010) 7,600,000 (2010)

Prisoner Recidivism within 3 years of release: within 3 years of release: 67.5% were rearrested 67.5% were rearrested 46.9% were reconvicted 46.9% were reconvicted 51.8% returned to prison 51.8% returned to prison Within our jails: Within our jails: Over 90% of the population will transition directly to our local streets Over 90% of the population will transition directly to our local streets 80% of those who recidivate will do so within 6 months post-release 80% of those who recidivate will do so within 6 months post-release Average recidivism rates range from 50% - 70% of the overall population (dependant on measure and crime type) Average recidivism rates range from 50% - 70% of the overall population (dependant on measure and crime type)

Realities System Costs Hard Costs – 38 Billion per year (1996) – approaching $100 Million per day Hard Costs – 38 Billion per year (1996) – approaching $100 Million per day 46 Billion + per year (2008) 46 Billion + per year (2008) 47.5 Billion (2010) 47.5 Billion (2010) Soft Costs – Societal, Quality of Life? Soft Costs – Societal, Quality of Life? What is the cost of one felony? What is the cost of one felony? 80% of incarceration relates to substance or alcohol abuse (Belanko, et al.; US Dept. of Justice; National Institute of Corrections) 80% of incarceration relates to substance or alcohol abuse (Belanko, et al.; US Dept. of Justice; National Institute of Corrections)

Local jails often ignored in policy discussions, yet process more than 12 million admissions annually (2007) June 2009, estimated at 12.8 million June 2009, estimated at 12.8 million Jails serve a variety functions and provide an array of services related to successful reentry Jails serve a variety functions and provide an array of services related to successful reentry Point of entry into criminal justice system but also point of release and return Point of entry into criminal justice system but also point of release and return On any one day, half of the Nations jail population is the consequence of failure under community supervision On any one day, half of the Nations jail population is the consequence of failure under community supervision 34% on probation;13% on parole;7% out on bail/bond; 2% other release 34% on probation;13% on parole;7% out on bail/bond; 2% other release In 2004 approximately 219,000 parolees and 330,000 probationers failed and were incarcerated In 2004 approximately 219,000 parolees and 330,000 probationers failed and were incarcerated

Rise in unconvicted jail inmates accounts for more than two-thirds of growth

Nationwide, corrections spending ranks fourth in eating up state budget dollars, trailing only health care, education, and transportation……. According to the National Association of State Budget Officers, five states -- Connecticut, Delaware, Michigan, Oregon and Vermont -- spend more on prisons they than do on schools.National Association of State Budget Officers

Where the funding is Distributed Where the funding is Distributed

Regionalization Collaborative Outsourcing with the State and County Governments for unified purchases in: Collaborative Outsourcing with the State and County Governments for unified purchases in: Food Services Food Services Medical Care Medical Care Pharmacy Costs Pharmacy Costs Fuel Purchases Fuel Purchases Vehicle Purchases Vehicle Purchases Fleet Maintenance Fleet Maintenance Uniform Suppliers Uniform Suppliers Paper Goods Paper Goods Building Maintenance Building Maintenance

Some Other Things to Think About Vegetarian Meals instead of Muslim or Religious Diets Vegetarian Meals instead of Muslim or Religious Diets Commissary Fees and services Commissary Fees and services In-unit vending machines In-unit vending machines Fingerprinting Fees Fingerprinting Fees Bond Processing Fees Bond Processing Fees DNA Sampling Fees DNA Sampling Fees Disciplinary Assessments Disciplinary Assessments Credit Card Fees Credit Card Fees ATM Machines ATM Machines Pay-Pal transaction fees Pay-Pal transaction fees Phone Cards Phone Cards Urine Screening Urine Screening Photocopying Photocopying Notary Services Notary Services

Whos Watching…. Justice Dept Justice Dept ACLU ACLU Community Activists Community Activists PREA Commission PREA Commission Courts Courts Health Dept Health Dept Fire Marshall Fire Marshall