Lecturer: Servatovych Anhelina Therapeutic Dentistry Department SHEI “ I.Ya. HORBACHEVSKY TERNOPIL STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY HEALTHCARE MINISTRY OF UKRAINE”

Classification of filling materials

Depending to which group the tooth belongs:  * For front group of teeth (filling materials should correspond to high esthetic requirements);  * For molars and premolars (filling materials should stand high occlusion press)

According to the materials:  * Metals: amalgam, alloys, pure metals (gold);  * Non metals: cements, resins, composite materials.

Dental materials 1. Preventive dental materials. 2. Restorative dental materials. A) Direct restorative dental materials. B) Indirect restorative dental materials. 3. Auxiliary dental materials.

According to the purpose:  * Temporary fillings;  * Permanent fillings;  * Linings therapeutic and isolative;  * Fillings for the root canal.

Temporary filling materials:  Zinc-sulfate cements ( dentin- powder, dentin-paste)  Zinc-eugenol cements  Poly-carboxylate cements  Zinc-phosphate cements  Glass-ionomer cements

Filling materials for linings:  Isolative linings: * Zinc-phosphate cements * Glass-ionomer cements * Poly-carboxylate cements  Therapeutic linings: * Materials based on calcium hydroxide * Zinc-eugenol cements * Combined therapeutic pastes (not setting, are prepared ex tempore)

Available materials for permanent fillings:  - amalgam  - composite  - cement- glass ionomer  - combinations of the last two groups (compomers)

Glass ionomer cement (GICs) Two significant advantages:  They adhere chemically to enamel and dentine  They release fluoride

Classification (R.W. Phillips, 1991) III type For linings (Baseline, Aqua lonobond) IV type Dual cure cement I type Fixation of crowns, dentures, orthodontic devices-luting (AquaCem, Fuji I, Ketac-Cem) II type For restoration (Fuji II-GC, Ketac-fil, Chemfil Superior- dentsply)

Glass ionomer cements consists of powder (fluoro-aluminosilicate glass) and liquid- 47,5 % water sol. of copolymers of acrylic acid with itaconic or maleic acid. In some GIC dried copolymer is added to powder, and as a liquid for mixing, distillate water is used. (‘anhydrous’ type).

Video 1.

Clinical usage The prolonged release of fluoride makes them particularly attractive for conditions where the risk of secondary caries is high! - In carious cavities when it is hard to promote proper moisture control; - In III and V Black classes where esthetics is not of great importance; - Reinforced could be used in II class cavities; - Atraumatic restorative technique (ART); - For the restoration of root caries in the elderly patient; - Liners and bases for direct and indirect restorations.

GIC as an adhesive cavity lining

Advantages of GIC - Ability to form chemical bonding with dental hard tissues; - Anticariouse activity; - Sufficient mechanical strength and elasticity; - Satisfactory esthetic features; - Radiopaque during x-ray examination; - No irritation action on the pulp of the tooth.

Disadvantages of GIC - Sensitivity to the presence of moisture during hardening; - Overdrying of the cement surface in the setting stage leads to worsening of its properties and may cause postoperative sensitivity; - Long setting time of the material; - Risk of irritating action on the pulp in deep cavities.

Polyacid modified resin composites

RESIN COMPOSITES

Resin composites are not suitable in the following clinical situations:  Deep subgingival preparations.  Lack of peripheral enamel.  Poor moisture control.  Load-bearing cusps.

Acid etching

Stages of acid etching 1. The etching time

2. The washing time

3. The drying stage

Dental adhesives

Light curing