AP Gov Review: Video #5 Federalism Everything You Need To Know About Federalism To Succeed In AP Gov

Federalism: A Brief Intro What is it? The division of powers between the national (federal, central) government and states Since the inception of the Constitution, power has moved towards the national government Also called a federal system of government

Federalism: A Brief Analogy Principals Teachers Both Assign HW Suspend Students Give Detentions Teach Hire Teachers Give Grades Call Parents Create Schedules

Federalism: A Brief Visual National Government States Both 10th Amendment Coin $ Collect Taxes Education Declare War Licensing Professionals Make treaties Enforce Laws Establish Post Offices Marriage and Divorce Borrow & Spend $

Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution Enumerated Powers: Powers that are specifically mentioned in the Constitution given to Congress - coining $, taxes, etc. Elastic Clause: “Necessary and proper” clause - “To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers…..” Debates emerged over the interpretation of the Constitution Strict - Jefferson and his followers Loose - Hamilton and his followers

The 10th Amendment “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.” What does it means? If it’s not a responsibility of the national government (declaring war, coining $), it belongs to the states (marriage, licensing, speed limits, education, etc.) States’ Rights advocates often point to this amendment to limit the scope of the National government

Dual Federalism State Governments National Government Occurred between the creation of the Constitution - FDR’s New Deal Power is divided clearly between both the national government and state governments Often described as a layer cake Clear distinction between the two layers The power of the national government is narrowly interpreted State Governments National Government

Cooperative Federalism Became more prominent after FDR’s New Deal States and the national government share powers Often described as a marble cake, where there is not a clean distinction between the two levels of government Examples: Highways - Interstate Highway System in the 1950s combined federal and state efforts to build Education - No Child Left Behind (Bush) and Race To The Top (Obama) Elements of Cooperative Federalism: Shared costs between governments and federal guidelines with requirements for states receiving $ (raising drinking age to receive highway $)

Devolution (New Federalism) What is it? Transferring certain national government powers back to state governments This idea became popular under Ronald Reagan in the 1980s The federal government follows this policy by providing grants….

**Federal Grants** Types of grants: Categorical - main source of grants, have a narrow, clearly-defined purpose Project - given based on applications (Race To The Top) Formula - $ is distributed based on a formula without an application (Medicaid) Block grants - $ is given with discretion to states with how to spend

Quick Recap Enumerated Powers Elastic Clause 10th Amendment Dual Federalism Cooperative Federalism Devolution Types of grants

Test Tips Multiple-Choice 10th Amendment, Elastic Clause, and Enumerated Powers **Types of Grants** Free Response: How federalism limits the power of the national government Evolution of federalism over time

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