1. Federalism in the US

2. Fill out the Venn diagram with at least three decisions in each section. Then answer the following questions.
1. What types of decisions do your parents make for you? What types of decisions do you make for yourself? What types of decisions do you make together?
2. Why are some decisions shared while others are not?
3. What are the benefits/drawbacks of this?
4. How do you think this system of making decision is similar to the way of power flows between national and state governments?

3. Divides power between the central government and state governments
Three types of powers:
Delegated: powers granted to the national gov’t
Enumerated(Expressed)-specifically listed in the Constitution (ex: collect taxes, coin money, declare war)
Implied-not specifically granted in Constitution
“Necessary and Proper” clause=Elastic clause
McCulloch v. Maryland 1819
Inherent- Powers that naturally belong to any government of a sovereign country
Not mentioned in the Constitution//Relate to foreign affairs
Reserved: powers kept by the states (ex: marriage & divorce laws, driver’s licenses, public schools, ect)
Concurrent: shared by the state and federal government (ex: taxation and law enforcement)

4. Responsibilities
Federal government and state governments have responsibilities toward each other
Federal:
Making sure states have republican governments
Protecting states from violent actions
Respecting states territories
State
Est. boundaries for districts for House elections
Set rules for electing Congressional members
Maintain National Guard units to be called by governor for emergencies

5. Benefits of a Federal System
Protects against tyranny of the majority
-if a member of the minority feels abused, they can move to another state
Promotes unity without imposing uniformity
-allows states to pass laws that reflect needs and goals of their citizen while remaining part of the union
Creates “laboratories” for policy experiments
-if a state tries a new idea and succeeds, other states may follow
Encourages political participation
-provides opportunity for people to be involved closer to home

6. Drawbacks Lack of consistency of laws state to state
Traffic laws, speed limits, licensing
Often creates tension between state and federal officials
Doesn’t always draw a clear line of division (ex. Wildlife, air quality)

7. Dual Federalism From 1790-1933 maintained strict division of powers
Dual or Layer Cake Federalism
McCulloch v Maryland 1819
Gibbons v Ogden 1824
Interstate and intrastate
commerce

8. Cooperative Federalism
Began in 1933
marble cake federalism
grants-in-aid: funds given by the federal government to state and
local governments

9. Regulated Federalism
Began with Johnson’s Great Society (he called it creative federalism)
Huge increase in federal
involvement in state & local
Welcomed influx of fed funds, but not happy about the regulations
Unfunded mandates: programs and regulations on state/local governments by Congress without adequate funding attached
Could declare they’re fixing problems without having to raise taxes//put burden on states

10. New Federalism
1968- Nixon promised to restore “true” federalism by reigning in federal power
Devolution: return power to the states
Block grants: grants-in-aid where states could decide how to best spend money received

11. Case 1: United States v. Lopez

13. Case 2: Lorillard Tobacco Co v. Reilly

15. Case 3: Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation v. EPA

17. Read section 4 on State Governments and answer the following questions
What do state constitutions show about how power is distributed in our federal system?
Create an illustration that will help you remember important information about the three branches of state government. On your illustration, record notes about the role of state legislatures, state governors and state court systems.

18. Create this chart in your notes, then read section 5 on local government and complete the chart.
Local Government System
How Is It Organized?
What Is It’s Purpose?
Counties, parishes, and boroughs
Mayor-council system
Commission system
Council-manager system
Special-purpose district