Proletariat (workers of the world) will rise up… Russian Revolution German Philosopher Karl Marx Communist Manifesto Proletariat (workers of the world) will rise up…

Czar Nicholas II and Family

Bloody Sunday (1905) group of workers marched to the czar’s Winter Palace to petition and were killed by government troops.

Bloody Sunday (1905) group of workers marched to the czar’s Winter Palace to petition and were killed by government troops. Sets up a legislative body called Duma…but, ignores them

Czar Nicholas II WORLD WAR I Russian economy was bankrupt Starvation in Russia War becomes unpopular

February Revolution (1917) Demonstrators begin asking for Bread and representation Protestors and Industrial workers clash with police Many members of the Army join the demonstrators https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IfSOaVS0rv0

February Revolution (1917) Royal palace is taken over - Czar Abdicates - Provisional government Provisional government unpopular after decision to stay in WWI

October Revolution (Bolshevik) 1917 The Bolshevik party established the Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies on October 25th.  Lenin was elected the first chairman of the Congress of Soviets. The October Revolution brought an end to the provisional government. In its place, the Bolsheviks established a Communist regime. Vladimir Lenin “Peace, Land, and Bread” Won support of people (especially Unions and peasants) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YKNSb6jatMA

October Revolution (Bolshevik) 1917 Russian Marxist Soviet politician Leader of the Communist Red Army Leon Trotsky Lev Davidovich Bronshtein

Treaty of Brest‑Litovsk Russia Pulls Out 1918 Lenin follows through with promise… Treaty of Brest‑Litovsk Ending WWI with Germany.

White Armies (Royal and Menshevik) Reds (Bolsheviks – “majority”) Russian Civil War 1919-1920 White Armies (Royal and Menshevik) Reds (Bolsheviks – “majority”) Reds defeat Whites

Rule of Lenin 1920-1924 New Economic Plan (NEP) The New Economic Policy (NEPJ) was an economic policy of Soviet Russia proposed by Vladimir Lenin, who described it as a progression towards "state capitalism" within the workers' state of the USSR. Lenin characterized "state capitalism" as an economic system that would include "a free market and capitalism, both subject to state control" while socialized state enterprises were to operate on "a profit basis". The NEP represented a more market-oriented economic policy, deemed necessary after the Russian Civil War of 1918 to 1922, to foster the economy of the country. The complete nationalization of industry, established during the period of War Communism, was partially revoked and a system of mixed economy was introduced, which allowed private individuals to own small enterprises, while the state continued to control banks, foreign trade, and large industries.

Rule of Lenin 1920-1924 New Economic Plan (NEP) workers keep their earnings…government take over banks and Industry Political Reforms - Communism - Bolshevik party became Communist Party - Russia becomes the United Soviet Socialist Republics

Rule of Lenin 1920-1924 New Economic Plan (NEP) - moderate mix of capitalism and socialism Political Reforms - Communism - Bolshevik party became Communist Party - Russia becomes the United Soviet Socialist Republics - Establishes the Comintern fight "by all available means, including armed force, for the overthrow of the international bourgeoisie and for the creation of an international Soviet republic…”

Lenin Dies of Stroke 1924 Leon Trotsky vs. Joseph Stalin Stalin takes control Trotsky Exiled to Mexico

Lenin Dies of Stroke 1924 Leon Trotsky vs. Joseph Stalin Stalin takes control Trotsky Exiled to Mexico Stalin creates a Totalitarian state

“The Red Scare” Fear of Communism in the U.S. “Long live the Worldwide Socialist Revolution!” - Joseph Stalin Leon Trotsky with American Communist in Mexico shortly before his assassination 17 17

Stalin’s Totalitarian State Dictatorship- Absolute Authority State Control Over All Sectors of Society Economy and Business (anti-capitalism) Labor and Pay Housing Education Youth groups (Propaganda) Arts

Stalin’s Totalitarian State Dictatorship- Absolute Authority State Control Over All Sectors of Society Economy and Business (anti-capitalism) Labor and Pay Housing Education Youth groups (Propaganda) Arts Religious Persecution Did not allow religion in public life

Stalin’s Totalitarian State Dictatorship- Absolute Authority State Collectivization adopted by the Soviet government, pursued most intensively between 1929 and 1933, to transform traditional agriculture in the Soviet Union and to reduce the economic power of the kulaks (prosperous peasants). Under collectivization the peasantry were forced to give up their individual farms and join large collective farms (kolkhozy). The process was ultimately undertaken in conjunction with the campaign to industrialize the Soviet Union rapidly. Some Soviet leaders considered collective farms a socialist form of land tenure and therefore desirable; but they advocated a gradual transition to them in order to avoid disrupting the agricultural productivity necessary to stimulate industrial growth.

Stalin’s Totalitarian State State Control Over the Individual Obedience The Great Purge  Counter-Revolutionaries and “enemies of the People” According to the declassified Soviet archives, during 1937 - 1938, the NKVD detained 1,548,366 victims, of whom 681,692 were shot - an average of 1,000 executions a day in 1937/38 alone…

“The Red Scare” Fear of Communism in the U.S. “Long live the Worldwide Socialist Revolution!” - Joseph Stalin “Workers of the world will rise up” – Karl Marx 22 22

Impact of Russian Revolution State Control Over All Sectors of Society Economy and Business (anti-capitalism) Labor and Pay Housing, Education Youth groups – spread propaganda Economic Planning: state playing an active role in regulating the economy Religious Persecution Did not allow religion in public life Division of the World: Communism vs Capitalism The world hence came to be divided into two: Socialists and Capitalists. Communist International - Comintern formed to promote revolutions on an international scale. Industrial Growth under Stalin The Soviet Union as a major military power in the world