Enzymes Uses of enzymes S3 Biology Enzymes Uses of enzymes

Recap Write two things you learned last lesson This lesson is about uses of enzymes - write down something you would like to find out about the uses of enzymes

What are we learning today? We are learning to: State some functions of enzymes Explain how biological detergents are different to non-biological detergents Success criteria: Sweets, detergents, food Cleansing potential of biological powders compared to non-biological

What are enzymes used for in industry?

How do you make a soft gooey centre? Chocolate is poured over a solid mixture which contains the sugar sucrose An enzyme, Sucrase, breaks down the sucrose (solid) into glucose and fructose (soft)

Baby foods: Proteases are used to pre-digest some of the protein in food. The babies digestive system can then get the nutrition they need from food

Choices Glucose syrup is converted into fructose syrup by isomerase enzyme Glucose and fructose contain exactly the same amount of energy but fructose is much sweeter therefore much less of it is needed to make food taste sweet a good diet choice. Isomerase is used in the diet industry

‘Biological’ detergents A detergent containing enzymes Enzymes digest stains - break large particles (e.g. protein) down into small particles Non-bio detergents have no enzymes Enzymes are produced by bacteria Bacteria grown in an industrial fermenter Whilst growing, they release enzymes Enzymes extracted & purified Some people suffer from allergies to ‘bio’ detergents - enzymes can be coated with wax

Advantages of using biological washing powder Reduce fuel & energy use – work at lower temperatures Less damage to fabrics – less shrinking at low temperatures Can remove ‘difficult’ stains, that “non-bios” can’t - e.g. grass, blood Bio detergents often contain several types of enzyme - e.g. protein-digesting, starch-digesting, fat-digesting

Experiment – comparing “bio” and “non-bio” detergent You will be provided with two milk agar plates Each will have wells cut into them You will observe the effect that the 2 types of detergent have on the milk agar

Summary State some functions of enzymes Explain how biological detergents are different to non-biological detergents