“The Great War” 1914-1918
British soldier
Typical tank of the WW I
submarines
Antigas mask
Fighter aeroplanes
Trenches
Main causes of the war -MILITARISM militar alliances Conflicts and hostility among European countries characteristics of these countries: -MILITARISM militar alliances -IMPERIALISM colonies -NATIONALISM independentist movements
CAUSES OF THE WAR ECONOMIC RIVALRY. POLITICAL RIVALRY CAUSES OF THE WAR ECONOMIC RIVALRY POLITICAL RIVALRY CRISIS IN BALKANS imperialism militarism nationalism COLONIALISM ALLIANCES/ FACTIONS ASSASSINATION IN SARAJEVO TRIPLE ALLIANCE TRIPLE ENTENTE
1-Economic rivalry: colonialism Colonial powers and its empires
triple entente triple alliance Factions of the WW I triple entente triple alliance Russia Germany France Austria-Hungary Great Britain Italy their allies: their allies: Belgium, Italy (1915), Bulgaria Japan, Greece, Romania, Ottoman Empire USA
The warring factions
Crisis of the Balkans Assassination in Sarajevo (1914) Arch-Duke Franz Ferdinand killed by Serbian young nationalist
Franz Ferdinand heir to the Austria-Hungary Empire
Member of “Young Bosnia” (The Black Hand) Gavrilo Princip Member of “Young Bosnia” (The Black Hand)
Gun used to kill Franz Ferdinand
Car in which arch-duke was killed
The arch-duke and his wife visiting Sarajevo
the attack
The bridge where the heir was killed
3-Russia pulls out of the war 4-USA joins the war Phases of the war 1-movements war 2-trench warfare 3-Russia pulls out of the war 4-USA joins the war 5-the last attack to Paris
Movements war (1914)
Trench warfare 1915-1916
Russian Revolution (1917) Russia pulls out of the war (peace of Brest-Litovsk)
USA joins the war (1917) why? Germany attacked American supply boats
Last attack (1918) Germany tried to get to Paris FAILED
Consequences of the war: 1-Peace agreements (Paris) 1. 1 Consequences of the war: 1-Peace agreements (Paris) 1.1.Treaty of Versailles: Germany 2-Demographic losses 3-Moral and ideological crisis: depression 4-League of Nations 5-The new map of Europe 6-Economic crisis
1-Peace agreements in Paris (1919): Treaty of Versailles: allied nations-Germany Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Lye: allied nations-Austria Treaty of Neully: allied nations-Bulgaria Treaty of Trianon: allied nations-Hungary Treaty of Sèvres: allied nations-Turkey Aims of the agreements: -to reorganise Europe -to establish the culprits -to find a system to keep the peace
Treaty of Versailles (1919) Great Britain France United States of America Germany not invited but strongly punished
Consequences for Germany Germany was declared the main culprit Germany had to pay for the war damage (reparations) Germany was obliged to reduce its army Germany was forced to give some of rich territories Rhinland demilitarized zone Germany was not allowed to join the League of Nations Germany lost its colonies
Peace agreement in Versailles
2-Demographic losses or human consequences 20.000.000 deaths (Russia 3.700.000) 30.000.000 injured or disabled Lots of widow, orphans, handicapped More than 500.000.000 affected
3-Moral and ideological depression Economic depression: moral crisis Spread of extremist ideologies: Communism and Fascism Hitler and Mussolini Second World War
4-League of Nations a peace-keeping organisation the creation of an international organisation which aim would be to avoid another world was (precedent of United Nations, UNO)
5-New map of Europe DISAPPEARANCE OF THE OLD EMPIRES 5-New map of Europe DISAPPEARANCE OF THE OLD EMPIRES Russia Austria-Hungary Germany Ottoman Empire
... and appearance of new states: Soviet Union Poland Lithuania Latvia Estonia Austria Hungary Czechoslovakia Romania Germany Turkey Yugoslavia
Old map of Europe
New map of Europe (1919-1923)
6-Economic losses incalculable economic damage: Comunications, cities, agriculture and industry completely destroyed Huge inflation - Economic depression: Living level suffered a great decrease Population empoverished
First World War would be one of the main causes of the Second World War, because... ... Adolf Hitler, ...the “beast” was coming...