later joined by the transportation team – Randy Katz et al. Smart Cities Dagstuhl Feb 24, 2015 Participants: Kai Heussen, Hanno Hildmann, Longbo Huang, Milan Milenkovic (moderator), Johanna Myrzik, Jose Rivera, Misha Schmidt, Hans-Peter Schwefel, Joachim Sokol, … later joined by the transportation team – Randy Katz et al.

Outline – major categories Definition/attributes Use cases Barriers and drivers Research topics and challenges Misc

Smart City – definition/attributes Informed (ICT: sensed, open data, crowdsourcing), data-based decisions and operations citizens + government <adaptive infrastructure> Social component – network (ICT) Holistic view – based on the above Real-time sensing and reaction to events Metrics, objectives, criteria Quality of life Efficiency – energy, transportation, operations Safety Resilient Sharing economy?

Governance Economic Competiveness Compe- tiveness Environment Job opportunities Attract skilled workforce Municipal finances Infrastructure Regulation Processes and Administration Compe- tiveness Environment Resource efficiency Availability of information Abate Co2 emissions Waste treatment Behavior and consumer culture Ensure air and water quality Quality of Living Implement suitable infrastructure Access to affordable healthcare Good education resources Good offerings for leisure time Ensure social equity Food / Goods supply Mobility offerings Safety What is the situation? Cities are economic centers in a globalized economy. Urbanization makes more than 50% of the population to live in cities looking for good quality of live and prosperity. Demographic change result in new needs for the citizens and challenges infrastructure Climate Change is a fact. Cities are responsible for 75% of world’s energy use and produce more than 80% of all greenhouse gas emissions, mostly CO2. Energy efficiency and CO2 abatement are the dominant drivers wrt sustainable urban development Overall, city decision makers have to balance the competitiveness of their city with the environment and quality of live for their citizens while practicing good governance as an overarching principle to make their city sustainable. Citizens need to recognize that behavioral change is a key to become more sustainable. A top concern is “what is feasible” and “how to prioritize” among the many options available to make a city more sustainable. Governance Environment Quality of Living 4 4

Use Cases Energy efficiency Security, crime (prevention) buildings – commercial and residential Security, crime (prevention) Transportation public multimodal, commuting real-time tracking sharing here? Emergency (response) Water usage, conservation Maintenance, repair potholes, water breaks Air quality monitoring

Use cases, p2 Citizen participation Shared transportation input, communicate with government and each other crowdsourcing info, e.g. traffic app Shared transportation bicycles, electric cars, zipcars Smart parking Smart lighting Crowd control including prediction of human (group) behavior (business) attractiveness

Barriers and Drivers IOT/ICT infrastructure cost and complexity administrative and organizational “silos” in city administration privacy concerns security digital divide ownership of (existing) infrastructure existing (age of) infrastructure local culture (affinity: sharing, computers) level of education social and economic divide demographic – age distribution legislation communications – mobile/cellular data communication for sensors data ownership

Research topics and challenges, p1 Near-term research goals (2 years out) concepts for integrated or federated (evolution of) computing infrastructure standards – data and meta-data interoperable formats Common set of (generic) use cases S meta-data requirements and format Cross-silo integration at service level for (collaboration) infrastructure big data – storage and analytics : access to multi-domain data sources open standards for IoT sensing simulations / planning studies – demonstrate impact of changes to be done in advance before engagement, multi-dimensional

Research topics and challenges, p2 Mid-term research goals (5 years out) Integrated or federated computing infrastructure – “smart city” platform and service-level interoperability demonstration federation of “smart city” services listed earlier standards – data and meta-data interoperable formats understood, tested and (widely?) deployed linkage between ICT and energy / water / transport sensing infrastructure big data – holistic data processing – including social media and consumer big-data driven control & operator support (common) reference architecture for end-to-end system including interoperable data and metadata formats real-time stream processing vs. batch processing distributed vs. centralized processing computing and communication, tradeoff legislation and security, privacy energy footprint for IoT and data “Smart city emergency/disaster response training center”

Research topics and challenges, p3 Long-term research goals (10 years out) Modular (multi-vendor) smart-city platform that supports full interoperability and (third party) cross-domain application and service deployment big data - based real-time action/control (closed loop, policy driven) (common) reference architecture for end-to-end system with distributed data processing, storage, and analytics (?)