Sound and Waves.

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Presentation transcript:

Sound and Waves

What is sound?* Sound begins with a vibration. Sounds travel in waves through a medium.

What is a wave?* Energy is transferred through a wave. Mechanical waves- travel through a medium Electromagnetic waves- do not need a medium to travel Can you think of examples of each? Which one does this picture represent? Sound waves are mechanical because they need a medium to travel.

Mechanical Waves* Longitudinal Waves Transverse Waves The motion of the medium is parallel to the motion of the wave Back and Forth Waves **Sound Waves** Transverse Waves The motion of the medium is perpendicular to the motion of the wave Up and Down Waves

Another View

Longitudinal Waves* Compression When waves are close together Rarefaction When waves are far apart

Transverse Waves* Crest- highest point on a wave Amplitude- Volume of a wave (height of a wave) As wave height increases, volume increases Measured in Decibels Trough- lowest point on a wave Frequency- Pitch, high or low (length of a wave) As wavelength increases, pitch decreases Measured in Hertz

Diagram of a Transverse Wave* CREST AMPLITUDE TROUGH WAVELENGTH

Amplitude versus Frequency Which one will have the higher volume? Frequency Which one will have the higher pitch?

What can you hear? Decibels (dB): Volume Hertz (Hz): Pitch Normal Speech: 60dB Library: 40dB Close Whisper: 20dB Jet Engine: 140dB Loud Rock Music: 110dB Subway Train: 100dB Busy Street Traffic: 70dB 120dB or above usually causes pain to the ear Hertz (Hz): Pitch Young people can hear frequencies between 20-20,000 Hz Dogs can hear frequencies that range from 67-45,000 Hz As you age, your ability to hear high frequency sound decreases.