Digestive Disorders HEARTBURN Acid reflux burning sensation in throat/chest Rx – avoid chocolate, coffee, fried or fatty foods, stop smoking GERD: gastroesophageal reflux disease heartburn more than 2-3 times per week

Digestive Disorders HIATAL HERNIA stomach protrudes above the diaphragm through the esophagus PYLORIC STENOSIS Narrowing of pyloric sphincter, found in infants S/S – projectile vomiting Rx – surgery to stretch pyloric sphincter

Digestive Disorders CHOLECYSTITIS Inflammation of gallbladder CHOLELITHIASIS Gall stones Small ones may pass on their own Large ones can block the bile duct causes pain (back, shoulders) N/V after eating CHOLECYSTECTOMY surgically removed of gallbladder

Digestive Disorders LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY Small abdominal incisions (though belly button area) allow insertion of surgical instruments and small video camera Surgeon performs procedure by watching monitor and manipulating instruments Stomach muscles are not cut, healing is quicker, less risk of infection

OR LIVE Gall Bladder disease Laproscopic Cholecystectomy

Digestive Disorders GASTRITIS – acute or chronic inflammation of the stomach lining GASTROENTERITIS Inflammation of mucous membrane lining of stomach and intestine S/S – diarrhea and vomiting for 24-36 hours Complication = dehydration, may need IV fluids

Digestive Disorders ULCER Sore or lesion that forms in the mucosal lining of the stomach/intestines Cause – H. pylori (bacteria) is primary cause Lifestyle factors that contribute: cigarette smoking, alcohol, stress, certain drugs S/S – burning pain in abdomen Antibiotics , antiacids

Digestive Disorders H. Pylori

Digestive Disorders COLITIS (IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME) Large intestine inflamed Cause – unknown, stress seems to make it worse S/S – episodes of constipation or diarrhea

Digestive Disorders APPENDICITIS When appendix becomes inflamed If it ruptures, bacteria from appendix can spread to peritoneal cavity causing PERITONITIS

Digestive Disorders HEPATITIS A (Infectious hepatitis) Spread through contaminated food or H2O HEPATITIS B (Serum Hepatitis) Caused by virus found in blood Transmitted by blood transfusion or being stuck with contaminated needles (drug addicts) Health care workers at risk and should be vaccinated

Digestive Disorders CIRRHOSIS Chronic, progressive disease of liver Normal tissue replaced by fibrous connective tissue 75% caused by excessive alcohol consumption JAUNDICE – yellow color when bile pigment gets in bloodstream

Digestive Disorders COLON CANCER Early detection critical HEMOCCULT – stool slide specimen to look for hidden blood COLONOSCOPY after age 50 Rx – colon resection COLOSTOMY – opening in abdomen, healthy bowel brought to skin after cancer removed, pouch worn to collect waste

Digestive Disorders Cancer of the Ascending colon

Digestive Disorders CONSTIPATION When defecation delayed or feces become dry and hard Rx – diet with cereals, fruits, vegetables, (roughage) or fiber, drinking plenty of fluids, exercise,