Regional Civilizations (Overview) 10.15.09 This is to help give you some guidelines in your project

Ottoman Empire Location Turkey is center of Empire Think about the relations they had to maintain to ensure the safety of their empire Fought with Islamic groups and European Empires constantly Spans Greece, Turkey, North Africa, Middle East, and the Black Sea

Religion and Daily Life in the Ottoman Empire Muslim Empire (seen as unifying force of Ottomans) Sultans were generally accepting of other religions Millet – groups of people with similar religion allowed to live and worship freely together – can govern and tax themselves Subjects of Empire were called Reaya One could move up or down the social ladder based on merit and judgment

Government and Cultural Achievements Sultan was head of Government (Monarch with absolute power) Second in command were called Grand Viziers Army is known as Janissaries Christian slaves from Europe (converted to Islam) Special soldiers to Sultan (served for life) Golden Age Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent Brought Ottomans to height of power Seen as the Golden Age of Ottoman Empire Had earlier Persian influence Starts to create a unique Ottoman or “Turkish” culture

Mughal India : Location and Religion Location North India Came from Central Asia into India Claimed to be descendants of the Mongols (Name comes from Persian word for Mongols) Was formerly a Hindu region Mughal conquerors bring Islam to region Tolerant of all religions New Religion forms Sikh (combines Hinduism and Islam)

Mughal India: Government and Foreign Relations Battled with Persians constantly Mughals greatly grew India's economy India had many beautiful resources that eventually attracted Europeans to them Eventually power struggles between rival Indian powers allowed Europeans to take over India ports and markets British interest in Indian Textiles Rulers: Babur, Akbar and Shah Jahan Government restructured taxes Ruled with absolute power but respected local Raj put rulers Intermarried with local leaders to gain trust and respect

Mughal India: Cultural Achievements and Daily Life Taj Mahal Mughal India: Cultural Achievements and Daily Life Built by Shah Jahan for his wife that passed away Blended Persian, Islam and Hindu styles in to their lives and art Developed literature in Hindu and Urdu languages (common vernacular)

Imperial China (Ming Dynasty) No official religion Believed in Confucianism Pushed out foreign influences and restored Chinese beliefs into society Location (Modern day China Took back China from Mongol rule Created large empire that spanned the majority of modern day China

Imperial China (Foreign Relations and Government) Wanted to be self sufficient Viewed outsiders as inferior (Europeans) Had overland trade routes through central Asia and Russia (Silk Road) Did not want European powers to come into China European powers slowly arrive and eventually force their way into China Restored Confucian order to social classes Reinstituted civil service exams Wanted to restore China’s past glory Strengthened China’s Great Wall to keep out invaders Did not invest in sea travel and trade

Imperial China (Daily Life and Cultural Achievements) Family life very important (Confucius values) Resurgence in study of classic literature and art (like the Renaissance) Increase of people living in cities lead to rise in popular culture (poems, books, plays in common language) Restored the glory of Ancient China (Han Dynasty) Forbidden palace – symbol of Chinese isolation

Shogun Japan China’s culture had influenced Japan Yet Japan become more and more isolationist to limit foreign influences An era when military leaders called Shoguns ran the country Emperors very weak and feeble

Shogun Japan Japan eventually fell into a feudal society Yet power was centralized into Shogun’s hands Tokugawa Shoguns weakened local rulers and did not allow them to fight Japan remained peaceful and stable for over 200 years Closed door to foreign relations Closed off sea trade with all other nations Wanted to be self-sufficient Portuguese brought guns and Christianity Jesuits converted almost 300,000 Japanese Shoguns stopped that and saw it as a threat to Japanese way of life

Shogun Japan Similar social class order as Chinese (warriors at top instead) Social class determined by birth Samurai were born into their role and heavily controlled by Shoguns Used salaries instead having locals pay Samurai Other social groups began to rise as the rise of cities took place Artisans and Merchants became very wealthy Growth in cities led to a rise in popular culture City residents became more encouraged to participate in art, plays, literature