How involved should the U.S. be around the world? Isolationism (Loner) Collective Security (Team Player) Internationalism (World Policeman) Imperialism (World Bully)

Take out your copy of the Monroe Doctrine: Read through it. Determine what the purpose of it is. 2a. Paragraph by paragraph. 3. Why did the US enact this? 4. Do you know any long-term impacts of the Doctrine?

President James Monroe Monroe Doctrine President James Monroe Secretary of State John Quincy Adams

Monroe Doctrine Introduced December 1823 Western Hemisphere was no longer open for colonization Political system of the Americas was different from Europe United States would regard any interference in Western hemispheric affairs as a threat to its security U.S. would refrain from participation in European wars & would not disturb existing colonies in the Western Hemisphere Spain’s Latin American colonies took advantage of the mother country’s distraction by the Napoleonic Wars and struggled for independence. By the early 1820s, monarchical elements were in control in continental Europe and rumors about the restoration of the Spanish empire began to fly. This was not good news for the United States, which resented European involvement in its backyard, nor was it met with approval by Britain, which profited richly from Latin American trade. British foreign minister George Canning proposed to the American government that a joint warning be issued to continental Europe. President Monroe considered the British proposal, but eventually accepted John Quincy Adams’ counsel that America craft an independent statement. In December 1823, in a message to Congress, Monroe set forth the following principles, which would later become known as the Monroe Doctrine: The impact of the Monroe Doctrine was mixed. It was successful to the extent that the continental powers did not immediately attempt to revive the Spanish empire, but this was on account of the strength of the British Navy, not American military might. The Doctrine also was successful in that it kept France, Spain and other powers out of the region, but Britain would long remain the dominant trade power in Latin America. The Doctrine was a failure from the standpoint that the Latin American nations resented the Big Brother behavior of the U.S.— a prescient attitude on their parts. It was not until the 1880s that the newly built steel navy provided the United States with the clout to enforce the Monroe Doctrine.

CAUSES

Spanish American Independence 1809 - Napoleon invades Spain 1810 – Colombia declares independence 1811 – Venezuela & Paraguay declare independence 1816 – Argentina declares independence 1821 – Panama, Peru, Dominican Republic, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua & Mexico declare independence 1822 – Brazil declares independence 1822 - The U.S. recognizes the independence of the former Spanish colonies Spain’s Latin American colonies took advantage of the mother country’s distraction by the Napoleonic Wars and struggled for independence. By the early 1820s, monarchical elements were in control in continental Europe and rumors about the restoration of the Spanish empire began to fly. This was not good news for the United States, which resented European involvement in its backyard, nor was it met with approval by Britain, which profited richly from Latin American trade. British foreign minister George Canning proposed to the American government that a joint warning be issued to continental Europe. President Monroe considered the British proposal, but eventually accepted John Quincy Adams’ counsel that America craft an independent statement. In December 1823, in a message to Congress, Monroe set forth the following principles, which would later become known as the Monroe Doctrine: The impact of the Monroe Doctrine was mixed. It was successful to the extent that the continental powers did not immediately attempt to revive the Spanish empire, but this was on account of the strength of the British Navy, not American military might. The Doctrine also was successful in that it kept France, Spain and other powers out of the region, but Britain would long remain the dominant trade power in Latin America. The Doctrine was a failure from the standpoint that the Latin American nations resented the Big Brother behavior of the U.S.— a prescient attitude on their parts. It was not until the 1880s that the newly built steel navy provided the United States with the clout to enforce the Monroe Doctrine.

Ukase of 1821 a Russian proclamation of territorial sovereignty over present-day Alaska The Ukase of 1821 was a Russian proclamation of territorial sovereignty over Northwestern America, now present day Alaska. It declared that the Russian Empire prohibited "all foreign vessels not only to land on the coasts and islands belonging to Russia, [...] but also to approach them within less than one hundred miles." [1]. Also included in the Ukase was a Russian claim to territory down to 51° N latitude in what is now British Columbia, but this claim was later challenged by the British and American governments. After signing both the Russo-American Treaty of 1824 and the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1825, Russia agreed to cede all land south of 54°40' to joint British-American control.[2]. The only attempt to enforce the Ukase occurred in 1822, when the American ship Pearl was seized by the Russian Sloop Apollon on its way from Boston to Sitka. When the American government protested, the vessel was released and compensation was paid for the detention

So What? It became a defining moment in the foreign policy of the United States One of the US’s longest-standing tenets Has been invoked by many U.S. presidents Esp. Teddy Roosevelt & John F. Kennedy Japanese claims in WW2 – Asia for Asians

So What? It became a defining moment in the foreign policy of the United States One of the US’s longest-standing tenets Has been invoked by many U.S. presidents Esp. Teddy Roosevelt & John F. Kennedy Has also led to resentment in Latin America “Big Brother” Japanese claims in WW2 – Asia for Asians