Organic Chemistry NPR CC#5

ORGANIC REACTIONS slow functional group Speed of Reactions – relatively Part of molecule involved in reaction – at the functional group

ORGANIC REACTIONS Substitution (of Alkanes) – one atom or group replaced by another atom or group (saturated hydrocarbons – alkanes)

ORGANIC REACTIONS H – C – H + Cl2  Halogen Substitution (of Alkanes) – halogen replaces hydrogen H H – C – H + Cl2 

H H ORGANIC REACTIONS C = C + Cl2  Addition (of alkenes, alkynes) – start with unsaturated hydrocarbons H H C = C + Cl2 

ORGANIC REACTIONS H H C = C + HCl  Addition (of alkenes, alkynes) – start with unsaturated hydrocarbons H H C = C + HCl 

ORGANIC REACTIONS H H C = C + H2O  Addition (of alkenes, alkynes) – start with unsaturated hydrocarbons H H C = C + H2O 

ORGANIC REACTIONS H H C = C + H2  Addition (of alkenes, alkynes) – start with unsaturated hydrocarbons H H C = C + H2 

ORGANIC REACTIONS Fermentation – produce an alcohol and carbon dioxide enzyme C6H12O6 -------------------> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 zymase or yeast

Combustion (Oxidation) Complete Combustion – excess of oxygen CH4(g) + 2 O2(g)  CO2 + 2 H2O

Combustion (Oxidation) Incomplete Combustion – limited amount of oxygen 2 CH4(g) + 3 O2(g)    4 CH4(g) + 7 O2(g)  CO2 + 4 H2O + C 2 CO2 + 8 H2O + 2 CO

ORGANIC REACTIONS Esterification – produces an ester H O H H O H H – C – C – OH + HO – C –H  H – C – C – O- C- H + H2O H H H H  

ORGANIC REACTIONS Saponification - soap making  

ORGANIC REACTIONS Polymerization monomer --------------> polymer Building Blocks (smaller units) long chains Container Code System 1 PET structure

ORGANIC REACTIONS Condensation Polymerization (removing H2O) monomer --------------> polymer

ORGANIC REACTIONS Addition Polymerization - ene or -yne monomer --------------> polymer