1. Types of Organic Reactions
Unit 7

2. Substitution reactions
A reaction that involves a replacement of ONE kind of atom or group by another atom or group.
Saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes) undergo substitution reactions.
C2H6 + Br2  ?

3. Addition reactions
A reaction that takes place with unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkene or alkynes).
Unsaturated bond is broken leaving empty space.
All reactants are used.
C2H4 + I2  ?

4. Combustion Reaction
Anytime anything burns it is usually a combustion reaction.
Combustion is an exothermic reaction
What does exothermic mean?
The products are always Carbon dioxide, water and heat.
Balance this reaction showing the combustion of butane
__C4H10 + __O2  __CO2 + __H2O

5. Saponification
Fatty acids react with sodium hydroxide to produce glycerol (1,2,3 propane triol)
And a fatty acid salt called “soap”

7. Fermentation
When the Enzyme zymase (which comes from yeast) reacts with sugars, this process yields ethanol and carbon dioxide.
Fermentation is used to make bread/beer etc.

8. Polymerization Plastics are a result of chemistry.
They consist of small units called monomers liked together to form a long chain called a polymer.
Polymerization is the process used to make a polymer (plastics).
2 types of polymerization
Addition and condensation polymerization

9. Addition polymerization:
Double bond is broken allowing small units to bond together forming polymer

10. Condensation polymerization:
Monomers link at the OH group forming H2O as a byproduct hence the term condensation.

11. Esterification
Is the name given to the reaction that produces an ester. An ester is made up of an organic acid and alcohol.
The Organic Acid and alcohol dehydrate and form an ester.
What does it mean to dehydrate?

12. When an acid and alcohol dehydrate, the “H” from the acid is removed and the “OH” from the alcohol is removed. The two remaining pieces are linked together to make an ester.

13. 4-Step Method-mult. choice
1. Understand the question (read and underline, glance at answers, restate the questions).
2. Predict the Answer
3. Eliminate the Wrong Answers
4. Make an Educated Guess
Give the definition of an Educated Guess:

14. Example Which pair of compounds are isomers? 1. NO2 and N2O4
2. P2O6 and P4O10
3. HCOOH and CH3COOH
4. CH3OCH3 and C2H5OH