Where Do People Migrate Within a Country? Chapter 3 Key Issue 2 Where Do People Migrate Within a Country?

Big Question Describe the interregional patterns that the world’s 5 largest countries have seen over the last 200 years. Describe the difference between urbanization, suburbanization, and counterurbanization and discuss the historic and current trends of these different types of intraregional migration.

Key Terms Interregional Migration Center of Population Gravity Intraregional Migration Urbanization Suburbanization Counterurbanization

Interregional Migration in the United States Interregional and Intraregional are both types of internal migration where people are moving within a country Interregional Migration – Movement from one region of a country to another Historically, the most common kind of interregional migration was people searching for better farmland in another region Today, the most common kind is rural to urban, looking for jobs

Interregional Migration in the United States U.S. history has seen a number of large interregional migrations This has caused the center of population gravity to shift west and south over the past 200 years 1790: Nearly all Americans lived on the East Coast, blocked by the Appalachian Mountains and Native Americans 1800-1840: Canals and national roads allowed Americans to move passed the Appalachian Mountains to the Mississippi River to obtain cheap land

Interregional Migration in the United States 1850-1890: Americans skipped over the flat center of the country known as the “Great American Desert” to head toward California and the West Coast, looking for gold 1900-1940: The western frontier was “closed” and immigration boomed. Immigrants filled in the middle of the country (Great Plains). Technology such as barbed wire, steel plow, and the railroads made farming in the plains possible

Interregional Migration in the United States 1950 – 2010: Americans began moving southward and westward, looking for warmer climates and jobs. Interregional migration has slowed considerably in the 21st century due to similar economic growth in all regions and the Great Recession of 2008-2009

Interregional Migration in Other Large Countries The U.S. has seen a lot of interregional migration in its history Other large countries such as Russia, Canada, China, and Brazil also see a significant amount of interregional migration which has been used to develop areas with low populations

Interregional Migration in Other Large Countries Canada – Mostly from east to west over past 200 years, Ontario has had the largest out-migration to western provinces such as Alberta and British Columbia

Interregional Migration in Other Large Countries Russia – Historically, Russia’s population has been in the western (European) side. Over the past 100 years, the Russian gov. has encouraged (forced) Russians to move east to develop and populate the sparsely populated/raw material rich Asian part. Recently the migration has reversed back to the west where the jobs are

Interregional Migration in Other Large Countries China – Developing countries like China see their interregional migration in the form of rural (central China) to urban (eastern China) movement, where jobs are. The gov of China tried to stop this due to overpopulation in the East Brazil – Traditionally had most of its pop. on the Atlantic coast (capital city was Rio de Janeiro). 1960, Brazil moved its capital to a brand new city called Brasilia and since then the coast has had net out-migration to the center of the country

Intraregional Migration Intraregional Migration – Movement within one region of a country and is much more common than interregional Most intraregional is from rural areas to urban (urbanization) and urban to suburban (suburbanization) and the rarer form is urban to rural (counterurbanization)

Intraregional Migration Urbanization – Movement from rural areas to urban ones, mostly looking for employment. Began in the 1800s in Europe and the U.S. with the Industrial Revolution and has continued (U.S. – 1800 = 5% urban and 2015 = 81% urban). Recently, urbanization has doubled or tripled the percentage of people living in cities in Asia, Africa, and Latin America

Intraregional Migration Suburbanization – Mostly in developed countries. Populations of cities are declining as people head to surrounding suburbs. Canada, Europe and U.S. have similar rates of suburbanization. People move to suburbs not for work but for suburban lifestyle and commute to urban jobs

Intraregional Migration Counterurbanization – Developed countries are seeing a new trend of more people immigrating to rural areas than are emigrating from them. People do this for lifestyle reasons and “escaping the city”. Some work on farms but not many. Most typically seen in rural areas of Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah. Technology has made these people not so isolated as in the past

Intraregional Migration Intraregional migration has slowed considerably in the past 10 years. The number of people moving from cities to suburbs has decreased but the number of people moving from suburbs to cities has increased, especially for young people

Big Question & Key Terms Describe the interregional patterns that the world’s 5 largest countries have seen over the last 200 years. Describe the difference between urbanization, suburbanization, and counterurbanization and discuss the historic and current trends of these different types of intraregional migration. Interregional Migration Center of Population Gravity Intraregional Migration Urbanization Suburbanization Counterurbanization