Dark Ages/Early Middle Ages

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Presentation transcript:

Dark Ages/Early Middle Ages

After Rome East – Byzantine Empire West – Involved in trade, religious disputes, and Crusades Buffer Zone Will become more Eastern West – Far removed from Roman greatness (leftovers) Germanic Kingdoms Only one entity controlled loyalty of all Europe

“Dark Ages” Church power influence grew Local kings and leaders vied for power No rights for commoners

Franks Clovis Muslims took Spain Stopped at Battle of Tours (732) Christianity Kingdom split up upon death Muslims took Spain Stopped at Battle of Tours (732) Charles Martel

Carolingians Charles the Great (Charlemagne) Leo III Treaty of Verdun Crowned Charlemagne Roman Emperor Treaty of Verdun Split empire into three

Church Power Grew Life revolved around religion Major holidays were all religious Sacraments necessary for heaven All religious texts in Latin

Emergence of Feudalism Invaders Fear Hunger

Feudalism Vassals are protected by lords whom they had to serve in war Land is the only source of wealth Vassals exercised rights of jurisdiction and political authority

Manor system Estate (manor) worked by dependent peasant class Serfs – bound to land (60% of peasants) Labor service, rents, under jurisdiction of lord

Why Feudalism/Manorialism? Early Middle Ages followed trends started in decline of Rome Viking and Magyar invasions

Revival Around 1000 CE: Revival Agriculture Boom (An agricultural revolution) Three field System More food  population boom

Revival Viking attacks die down Bigger cities Trade revival (along with introduction of luxury goods) Rise in merchant class Especially in northern Italy

The Byzantine Empire Justinian Expansion Nika Rebellion Building Projects (Hagia Sophia) Codification of Roman Law