BELL RINGER: How do plants get their energy? What compounds do plants take in (input)? What compounds do plants put out (output)? With all of this information (inputs and outputs) and energy……construct the formula for photosynthesis. (hint): _______ _____ +_____ _____ +_____

Bell Ringer: How do plants get their energy? What compounds do plants take in (input)? What compounds do plants put out (output)? With all of this information (inputs and outputs) and energy……construct the formula for photosynthesis.

How do plants get energy? Photosynthesis How do plants get energy?

Photosynthesis Equation Light Energy + Carbon dioxide + water sugar + oxygen Light Energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 Reactants Products

Which organelle does Photosynthesis take place inside the plant cell? The Chloroplast!

Structure: Chloroplast (organelle) Thylakoids: sac-like photosynthetic disks Granum: Stacks of thylakoids Stroma: The region/liquid surrounding the thylakoids

Inside a Chloroplast Chlorophyll

Chlorophyll:Light and Pigments Chlorophyll: a pigment found in the thylakoids Chlorophyll absorbs all light, but reflects the green portion of the spectrum. This is why plants appear green By absorbing light it is also absorbing energy!

Why are Leaves Green?: The Interaction of light with Chloroplasts.

The Process: Photosynthesis “Inside the Chloroplast” Chloroplast Water (H20) Oxygen (O2) Glucose (C6H1206) Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Light- Dependent Reactions Light Independent (Calvin Cycle) Full Electron Bucket ATP ADP Empty Electron Bucket Sun Light Energy “Light Side” “Dark Side”

PHOTOSYNTHESIS: 2 PARTS 1st Part (Stage) Light-Dependent Reactions: Take place in the Thylakoid Uses light and water to make energy (ATP) Gives off oxygen as waste Light-Independent reactions(Calvin Cycle): Takes place in the Stroma Uses the energy (ATP) from the light reactions and carbon dioxide to make sugar (glucose) 2nd Part (Stage)

ATP:Chemical Energy What is ATP? ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate): The main chemical source of energy and energy storage for the cell.

What does ATP look like? Adenine Ribose 3 Phosphate groups ATP is like a Fully charged Rechargable Battery

ATP:Chemical Energy How does the Cell get energy from ATP? The cell removes a phosphate group to release energy converting it to ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate). Cell adds the phosphate back when it needs to store energy again.

What does ADP look like? Adenine Ribose 2 Phosphate groups ADP is like a Dead Battery

Photosynthesis Flipbook Be Creative with your Design Must have color! Front (closed) Inside Flipbook (opened up) Light Dependent Photosynthesis Inputs: Outputs: Takes Place in: Inputs: Outputs: Takes Place in: Light Dependent Reactions Light Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle) Draw and Label everything! Back (closed) Photosynthesis Equation (Reactants) (Products)

Sunlight consists of a spectrum of colors, visible here in a rainbow

Light-Dependent Reactions Enzymes split water molecules releasing electrons Light energy absorbed by the chlorophyll energizes the electrons. The energy is used to convert ADP into ATP.

Light-Independent Reactions: “The Calvin Cycle” ATP and NADPH from the light reactions supply the energy for the Calvin Cycle 6 molecules of Carbon Dioxide (6CO2) are converted into 1 glucose (C6H12O6).

Bell Ringer: What are the reactants of the P.S. Equation? What are the products of the P.S. Equation? Why are plants green? How does the cell get it’s energy from ATP What is the P.S. equation?

Pre-Quiz: What are the reactants of the P.S. Equation? What are the products of the P.S. Equation? Why are plants green? How does the cell get it’s energy from ATP What is the P.S. equation?

What is NADPH? When sunlight excites the electrons in the chlorophyll, the electrons gain a ton of energy. They are so high energy, that the plant needs something to carry them around. The carrier molecule is NADP+. NADP+ carries two electrons becoming NADPH

A closer look at the Light-Dependent Reactions SKIP Hydrogen Ion Movement Photosystem II Chloroplast ATP synthase Inner Thylakoid Space Thylakoid Membrane Stroma Electron Transport Chain Photosystem I ATP Formation

SKIP

A closer look at the Calvin Cycle SKIP CO2 Enters the Cycle Energy Input ChloropIast 5-Carbon Molecules Regenerated 6-Carbon Sugar Produced Sugars and other compounds

Factors Affecting Photosynthesis Water Shortages can slow or stop photosynthesis Light Intensity affects the rate of photosynthesis Rate increases as light intensity increases until it reaches a certain maximum rate and then it levels off. Temperature affects the rate of photosynthesis Photosynthesis depends on enzymes that function in a certain temperature range (0-35 degrees Celsius). Temperatures above or below this cause photosynthesis to slow or stop.

Summary Light Dependent Input: Light, Water, NADP, ADP Output: NADPH, ATP and Oxygen Takes Place In: Thylakoid Summary: An enzyme splits water supplying electrons. The electrons are energized by the sun and the energy is stored in ATP and NADPH. Oxygen is released as waste. Light-Independent (Calvin Cycle) Input: ATP, NADPH, and carbon dioxide Output: sugar(glucose), ADP, NADP Takes Place In: Stroma Summary: Carbon Dioxide is converted to sugar using the energy stored in ATP and NADPH.