Ancient Israel and the Foundations of Judaism Chapter 3.3 Ancient Israel and the Foundations of Judaism

I. Exile and Return Exile- when people are forced to live in a foreign land During the Israelites’ exile in Babylon, they became Judaists Jews met each week on the Sabbath Met at a synagogue (Jewish holy temple) Jews returned to Judah when the Persians defeated the Chaldeans

I. Exile and Return Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) consists of 39 books Torah-first five books of the Hebrew Bible Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy Jews, Christians, and Muslims share the thought of good triumphing evil Ex: Daniel in the lions’ den

II. The Jews & The Greeks 331 B.C.-Judah came under the control of the Greeks Many Jews were scattered throughout the empire (Diaspora) Greeks wanted Jews to worship the Greek deities

The Jews & The Greeks Judas Maccabeus formed an army against the Greeks Maccabeus and his followers forced the Greeks out of Judah Hanukkah- annual holiday celebrating the cleansing of the Jewish temple of all Greek gods and goddesses

Lighting the Menorah & Playing Dreidels

III. The Jewish Way of Life Jewish laws influenced education, food, and clothing Sons were considered valuable: Earned a living to provide for the family Learned the Torah from elders Carried on the family name

III. The Jewish Way of Life Girls were also very important Used biblical figures like Ruth as examples to live by Responsible for the upbringing of Jewish youth

III. The Jewish Way of Life Food Must be prepared as kosher Can not eat pork or any version of slimy seafood Clothing Men wore tunics, caps or turbans, and sandals Women wore dresses and covered their head with a shawl

IV. The Jews & The Romans 63 B.C.-Romans conquered Judah and renamed it Judea King Herod-famous ruler known for cruel ways After Herod died, the king was replaced with Roman officials

IV. The Jews & the Romans Three groups of Jews did not allow for a strong showing Pharisees- common people Sadducees- did not agree with the teachings of the Pharisees Essenes- smallest of the three

The Jews & the Romans A.D. 66- Zealots drove the Romans out of Jerusalem A.D. 70- Romans brutally took back Jerusalem Western Wall is the only reminder of the temple that Solomon built A.D. 1948- After 2,000 years of persecution, Israel is reclaimed by the Jews

The Western Wall

IV. The Jews & The Romans Teachings Rabbi- instructor of the Torah and other religious material A.D. 1947- Dead Sea Scrolls are found Contained entire book of Isaiah and other pieces of the Hebrew Bible