An alternative periodic table configuration by Theodor Benfey Chemical Periodicity An alternative periodic table configuration by Theodor Benfey

Organise the cards into groups

Chinese Periodic Table

List some characteristics that you know about the elements on the periodic table Nucleus Smallest unit of matter Have shells that contain electrons Atomic mass = protons + neutrons They all react with each other in order to get 8 electrons on their outer shell They have an outer shell of electrons called valence electrons

Periodic Law When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of physical and chemical properties.

The Periodic Table Period: horizontal rows of the periodic table. Also, the number of electrons shells (or energy levels). Group or Family: vertical columns of the periodic table. Elements within a group have similar chemical and physical properties.

You need to know Location on periodic table & Characteristics of: Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Transition Metals Halogens Chalogens Group Noble Gases Lanthanides (rare earth metals) Actinides Rare (rare earth metals) Other

Period (rows) Group or Family (columns)

Valence Electrons Valence electrons – Electrons on highest energy level / highest electron shell.

Valence electrons Valence electrons: electrons in the outer shell 1 8 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

The charge on the ion after it gains or loses valence electrons. +1 +2 +3 -3 -2 -1

Periodic Table - Groups Alkali Metals Includes group I-A or 1 [except Hydrogen (H).] Lower densities than other metals React with water and air Stored in oil Has only one valence electron Easily lose their valence electron to form a univalent cation, 1+ charge

Periodic Table - Groups Alkaline Earth Elements Includes Group II-A or 2. Harder, denser & stronger than alkali metals Two valence electrons Easily lose valence electrons to form divalent cations, 2+ charge

Periodic Table - Groups Chalcogens Includes elements in group VI-A or 16 Have 6 valence electrons Easily gains 2 electrons to fill their outer energy level. Forms 2- charge.

Periodic Table - Groups Halogens Includes elements in group VII-A or 17 Have 7 valence electrons Easily gains 1 electron to fill their outer energy level. Forms 1- charge. They are the most reactive nonmetals, especially when reacting with alkali metals and alkaline Earth metals.

Periodic Table - Groups Noble Gases Includes elements in group VIII-A or 18. Known as Inert Gases All are gases at room temperature Eight valence electrons Have full outer energy level Not reactive because of full outer shell High ionization energy but very low electronegativity

Periodic Table - Groups Transition elements Groups 3 through 12. Referred to as B group elements Very hard High melting & boiling points High electrical conductivity

Periodic Table - Groups Rare Earth Metals Includes elements 58-71 and 90 to 103 known as Rare Earth elements because they are rare on Earth.

Characteristics of Groups

Characteristics of Groups Metals Metals lose electrons to form + ions (called cations); Example: Li loses 1 electron & forms Li+1 Shiny metallic appearance Solid at room temperature (except Mercury) High melting point High densities Malleable & ductile Good conductors of heat and electricity

Characteristics of Groups Nonmetals Nonmetals gain electrons to form - ions (called anions) Example: Cl gains 1 electron & forms Cl-1 Solid nonmetals have little to no metallic luster Solid nonmetals are brittle High ionization energy Poor conductors of electricity

Characteristics of Groups Metalloids / Semi-metals Includes Boron (B), Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge), Arsenic (As), Antimony (Sb), Tellurium (Te), and Astatine (At). Have properties of both metals and nonmetals. Often used as semiconductors.

Increases Increases Atomic number and mass IA IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA VIIIA Increases Increases As the atomic number increases, so does the number of protons. As the atomic mass increases so does the number of protons and neutrons